Removal of natural organic matter by titanium tetrachloride: The effect of total hardness and ionic strength

Zhao, YX; Shon, HK; Phuntsho, S; Gao, BY

Removal of natural organic matter by titanium tetrachloride: The effect of total hardness and ionic strength

Zhao, YX Shon, HK Phuntsho, S Gao, BY

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Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Journal of Environmental Management, 2014, 134 pp. 20 - 29
Issue Date:: 2014-02-15

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Zhao, YX
dc.contributor.author	Shon, HK
dc.contributor.author	Phuntsho, S
dc.contributor.author	Gao, BY
dc.date.accessioned	2015-04-01T03:26:55Z
dc.date.available	2020-05-25T19:05:14Z
dc.date.issued	2014-02-15
dc.identifier.citation	Journal of Environmental Management, 2014, 134 pp. 20 - 29
dc.identifier.issn	0301-4797
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/34631
dc.description.abstract	This study is the first attempt to investigate the effect of total hardness and ionic strength on coagulation performance and the floc characteristics of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). Membrane fouling under different total hardness and ionic strength conditions was also evaluated during a coagulation-ultrafiltration (C-UF) hybrid process. Coagulation experiments were performed with two simulated waters, using humic acid (HA, high molecular weight) and fulvic acid (FA, relatively low molecular weight), respectively, as model natural organic matter (NOM). Results show that both particle and organic matter removal can be enhanced by increasing total hardness and ionic strength. Floc characteristics were significantly influenced by total hardness and ionic strength and were improved in terms of floc size, growth rate, strength, recoverability and compactness. The results of the UF tests show that the pre-coagulation with TiCl4 significantly improves the membrane permeate fluxes. Under different total hardness and ionic strength conditions, the membrane permeate flux varied according to both NOM and floc characteristics. The increase in total hardness and ionic strength improved the membrane permeate flux in the case of HA simulated water treatment. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.
dc.language	eng
dc.relation.ispartof	Journal of Environmental Management
dc.relation.hasversion	Accepted manuscript version	en_US
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.01.002
dc.rights	NOTICE: This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication by Elsevier. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published by Elsevier.	en_U
dc.subject	Coagulation-flocculation
dc.subject	Ionic strength
dc.subject	Membrane fouling
dc.subject	Titanium tetrachloride
dc.subject	Total hardness
dc.title	Removal of natural organic matter by titanium tetrachloride: The effect of total hardness and ionic strength
dc.type	Journal article
utslib.citation.volume	134
utslib.for	0904 Chemical Engineering
pubs.embargo.period	Not known
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - Technology in Wastewater Treatment
utslib.copyright.status	open_access
pubs.declined	1970-01-01T00:00:00.0+1000
pubs.deleted	1970-01-01T00:00:00.0+1000

Abstract:

This study is the first attempt to investigate the effect of total hardness and ionic strength on coagulation performance and the floc characteristics of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). Membrane fouling under different total hardness and ionic strength conditions was also evaluated during a coagulation-ultrafiltration (C-UF) hybrid process. Coagulation experiments were performed with two simulated waters, using humic acid (HA, high molecular weight) and fulvic acid (FA, relatively low molecular weight), respectively, as model natural organic matter (NOM). Results show that both particle and organic matter removal can be enhanced by increasing total hardness and ionic strength. Floc characteristics were significantly influenced by total hardness and ionic strength and were improved in terms of floc size, growth rate, strength, recoverability and compactness. The results of the UF tests show that the pre-coagulation with TiCl4 significantly improves the membrane permeate fluxes. Under different total hardness and ionic strength conditions, the membrane permeate flux varied according to both NOM and floc characteristics. The increase in total hardness and ionic strength improved the membrane permeate flux in the case of HA simulated water treatment. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.

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