Removal of natural organic matter by titanium tetrachloride: The effect of total hardness and ionic strength

Zhao, YX; Shon, HK; Phuntsho, S; Gao, BY

Removal of natural organic matter by titanium tetrachloride: The effect of total hardness and ionic strength

Zhao, YX Shon, HK

Phuntsho, S

Gao, BY

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Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Journal of Environmental Management, 2014, 134 pp. 20 - 29
Issue Date:: 2014-02-15

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Full metadata record

Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Zhao, YX	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Shon, HK https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3777-7169	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Phuntsho, S https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3917-3916	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Gao, BY	en_US
dc.date.available	2014-01-02	en_US
dc.date.issued	2014-02-15	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	Journal of Environmental Management, 2014, 134 pp. 20 - 29	en_US
dc.identifier.issn	0301-4797	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/37967
dc.description.abstract	This study is the first attempt to investigate the effect of total hardness and ionic strength on coagulation performance and the floc characteristics of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). Membrane fouling under different total hardness and ionic strength conditions was also evaluated during a coagulation-ultrafiltration (C-UF) hybrid process. Coagulation experiments were performed with two simulated waters, using humic acid (HA, high molecular weight) and fulvic acid (FA, relatively low molecular weight), respectively, as model natural organic matter (NOM). Results show that both particle and organic matter removal can be enhanced by increasing total hardness and ionic strength. Floc characteristics were significantly influenced by total hardness and ionic strength and were improved in terms of floc size, growth rate, strength, recoverability and compactness. The results of the UF tests show that the pre-coagulation with TiCl4 significantly improves the membrane permeate fluxes. Under different total hardness and ionic strength conditions, the membrane permeate flux varied according to both NOM and floc characteristics. The increase in total hardness and ionic strength improved the membrane permeate flux in the case of HA simulated water treatment. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.	en_US
dc.relation.ispartof	Journal of Environmental Management	en_US
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.01.002	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Environmental Sciences	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Titanium	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Humic Substances	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Benzopyrans	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Membranes, Artificial	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Water Pollutants	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Ultrafiltration	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Water Purification	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Osmolar Concentration	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Flocculation	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Hardness	en_US
dc.title	Removal of natural organic matter by titanium tetrachloride: The effect of total hardness and ionic strength	en_US
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	134	en_US
utslib.for	090703 Environmental Technologies	en_US
utslib.for	0904 Chemical Engineering	en_US
utslib.for	0907 Environmental Engineering	en_US
pubs.embargo.period	Not known	en_US
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CTWW - Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment
utslib.copyright.status	embargoed
pubs.declined	1970-01-01T00:00:00.0+1000
pubs.deleted	1970-01-01T00:00:00.0+1000
pubs.publication-status	Published	en_US
pubs.volume	134	en_US

Abstract:

This study is the first attempt to investigate the effect of total hardness and ionic strength on coagulation performance and the floc characteristics of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4). Membrane fouling under different total hardness and ionic strength conditions was also evaluated during a coagulation-ultrafiltration (C-UF) hybrid process. Coagulation experiments were performed with two simulated waters, using humic acid (HA, high molecular weight) and fulvic acid (FA, relatively low molecular weight), respectively, as model natural organic matter (NOM). Results show that both particle and organic matter removal can be enhanced by increasing total hardness and ionic strength. Floc characteristics were significantly influenced by total hardness and ionic strength and were improved in terms of floc size, growth rate, strength, recoverability and compactness. The results of the UF tests show that the pre-coagulation with TiCl4 significantly improves the membrane permeate fluxes. Under different total hardness and ionic strength conditions, the membrane permeate flux varied according to both NOM and floc characteristics. The increase in total hardness and ionic strength improved the membrane permeate flux in the case of HA simulated water treatment. © 2014 Elsevier Ltd.

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:

http://hdl.handle.net/10453/37967