The pain-related cognitive processes questionnaire: Development and validation

Day, MA; Charles Ward, L; Thorn, BE; Lang, CP; Newton-John, TRO; Ehde, DM; Jensen, MP

The pain-related cognitive processes questionnaire: Development and validation

Day, MA

Charles Ward, L Thorn, BE Lang, CP Newton-John, TRO

Ehde, DM Jensen, MP

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Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Pain Medicine (United States), 2018, 19 (2), pp. 269 - 283
Issue Date:: 2018-01-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Day, MA https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1967-4884	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Charles Ward, L	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Thorn, BE	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Lang, CP	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Newton-John, TRO https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4219-4985	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Ehde, DM	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Jensen, MP	en_US
dc.date.available	2020-05-25T19:26:57Z
dc.date.issued	2018-01-01	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	Pain Medicine (United States), 2018, 19 (2), pp. 269 - 283	en_US
dc.identifier.issn	1526-2375	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/90229
dc.description.abstract	© 2017 American Academy of Pain Medicine. All rights reserved. Objective. Cognitive processes may be characterized as how individuals think, whereas cognitive content constitutes what individuals think. Both cognitive processes and cognitive content are theorized to play important roles in chronic pain adjustment, and treatments have been developed to target both. However, the evaluation of treatments that target cognitive processes is limited because extant measures do not satisfactorily separate cognitive process from cognitive content. The current study aimed to develop a self-report inventory of potentially adaptive and presumed maladaptive attentional processes that may occur when someone is experiencing pain. Methods. Scales were derived from a large item pool by successively applying confirmatory factor analysis to item data from two undergraduate samples (N 5 393 and 233). Results. Items, which were generated to avoid confounding of cognitive content with cognitive processes, represented nine constructs: Suppression, Distraction, Enhancement, Dissociation, Reappraisal, Absorption, Rumination, Nonjudgment, and Acceptance. The resulting nine scales formed the Pain-Related Cognitive Process Questionnaire (PCPQ), and scale correlations produced four conceptually distinct composite scales: Pain Diversion, Pain Distancing, Pain Focus, and Pain Openness. Internal consistency reliabilities of the nine scales were adequate (a 0.70) to good, and the four composite scales had a values of 0.79 or higher. Correlations with pain-related criterion variables were generally consistent with putative constructs. Conclusions. The developed PCPQ scales offer a comprehensive assessment of important cognitive processes specific to pain. Overall, the findings suggest that the PCPQ scales may prove useful for evaluating the role of pain-related cognitive processes in studies of chronic pain.	en_US
dc.relation.ispartof	Pain Medicine (United States)	en_US
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1093/pm/pnx010	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Anesthesiology	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Humans	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Psychometrics	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Female	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Male	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Young Adult	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Chronic Pain	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Surveys and Questionnaires	en_US
dc.title	The pain-related cognitive processes questionnaire: Development and validation	en_US
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	2	en_US
utslib.citation.volume	19	en_US
utslib.for	1701 Psychology	en_US
utslib.for	1115 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences	en_US
utslib.for	1103 Clinical Sciences	en_US
utslib.for	1117 Public Health and Health Services	en_US
pubs.embargo.period	Not known	en_US
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Graduate School of Health
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CHT - Health Technologies
utslib.copyright.status	open_access
pubs.issue	2	en_US
pubs.publication-status	Published	en_US
pubs.volume	19	en_US

Abstract:

© 2017 American Academy of Pain Medicine. All rights reserved. Objective. Cognitive processes may be characterized as how individuals think, whereas cognitive content constitutes what individuals think. Both cognitive processes and cognitive content are theorized to play important roles in chronic pain adjustment, and treatments have been developed to target both. However, the evaluation of treatments that target cognitive processes is limited because extant measures do not satisfactorily separate cognitive process from cognitive content. The current study aimed to develop a self-report inventory of potentially adaptive and presumed maladaptive attentional processes that may occur when someone is experiencing pain. Methods. Scales were derived from a large item pool by successively applying confirmatory factor analysis to item data from two undergraduate samples (N 5 393 and 233). Results. Items, which were generated to avoid confounding of cognitive content with cognitive processes, represented nine constructs: Suppression, Distraction, Enhancement, Dissociation, Reappraisal, Absorption, Rumination, Nonjudgment, and Acceptance. The resulting nine scales formed the Pain-Related Cognitive Process Questionnaire (PCPQ), and scale correlations produced four conceptually distinct composite scales: Pain Diversion, Pain Distancing, Pain Focus, and Pain Openness. Internal consistency reliabilities of the nine scales were adequate (a 0.70) to good, and the four composite scales had a values of 0.79 or higher. Correlations with pain-related criterion variables were generally consistent with putative constructs. Conclusions. The developed PCPQ scales offer a comprehensive assessment of important cognitive processes specific to pain. Overall, the findings suggest that the PCPQ scales may prove useful for evaluating the role of pain-related cognitive processes in studies of chronic pain.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/90229