Uncertainty and Variability of Energy and Material Use by Fused Deposition Modeling Printers in Makerspaces

Song, R; Clemon, L; Telenko, C

Uncertainty and Variability of Energy and Material Use by Fused Deposition Modeling Printers in Makerspaces

Song, R Clemon, L

Telenko, C

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Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2019, 23 (3), pp. 699 - 708
Issue Date:: 2019-06-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Song, R	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Clemon, L https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3808-7749	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Telenko, C	en_US
dc.date.issued	2019-06-01	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	Journal of Industrial Ecology, 2019, 23 (3), pp. 699 - 708	en_US
dc.identifier.issn	1088-1980	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/131623
dc.description.abstract	© 2018 by Yale University Desktop-grade fused deposition modeling (FDM) printers are popular because of compact sizes and affordable prices. If we are moving toward a future where desktop FDM printers are in every school and office, like conventional printers, then these machines will consume a large amount of energy and material. However, it is very difficult to evaluate the environmental impacts of FDM printers since there are so many different brands and types of printers using different raw materials under different scenarios. This study uses data from two different printing sites to evaluate the scenario and parameter uncertainty and variability in energy and material balances for FDM printers. Data from the two makerspaces provide insight into the material and energy consumption data using polylactic acid and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) with four types of printers. The use of actual performance data allowed for the additional study of scrap ratio. Regressions provide insight into predictive factors for energy and material consumption. Monte Carlo simulations show the range of energy life cycle inventory values for the desktop-grade FDM printers. From the regressions, Type A Pro was the most energy-intensive machine. For material waste, an open-access makerspace using ABS was associated with higher scrap ratio. Regression analysis indicates that the rate of material usage is not a strong predictor of waste rates. The amount of waste generated across both sites indicates that more ubiquitous access to FDM printing may create a significant addition to the waste stream.	en_US
dc.relation.ispartof	Journal of Industrial Ecology	en_US
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1111/jiec.12772	en_US
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subject.classification	Environmental Sciences	en_US
dc.title	Uncertainty and Variability of Energy and Material Use by Fused Deposition Modeling Printers in Makerspaces	en_US
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	3	en_US
utslib.citation.volume	23	en_US
utslib.for	1006 Computer Hardware	en_US
pubs.embargo.period	Not known	en_US
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access	*
pubs.issue	3	en_US
pubs.publication-status	Published	en_US
pubs.volume	23	en_US

Abstract:

© 2018 by Yale University Desktop-grade fused deposition modeling (FDM) printers are popular because of compact sizes and affordable prices. If we are moving toward a future where desktop FDM printers are in every school and office, like conventional printers, then these machines will consume a large amount of energy and material. However, it is very difficult to evaluate the environmental impacts of FDM printers since there are so many different brands and types of printers using different raw materials under different scenarios. This study uses data from two different printing sites to evaluate the scenario and parameter uncertainty and variability in energy and material balances for FDM printers. Data from the two makerspaces provide insight into the material and energy consumption data using polylactic acid and acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS) with four types of printers. The use of actual performance data allowed for the additional study of scrap ratio. Regressions provide insight into predictive factors for energy and material consumption. Monte Carlo simulations show the range of energy life cycle inventory values for the desktop-grade FDM printers. From the regressions, Type A Pro was the most energy-intensive machine. For material waste, an open-access makerspace using ABS was associated with higher scrap ratio. Regression analysis indicates that the rate of material usage is not a strong predictor of waste rates. The amount of waste generated across both sites indicates that more ubiquitous access to FDM printing may create a significant addition to the waste stream.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/131623