Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on critical care healthcare workers' depression, anxiety, and stress levels.

Hammond, NE; Crowe, L; Abbenbroek, B; Elliott, R; Tian, DH; Donaldson, LH; Fitzgerald, E; Flower, O; Grattan, S; Harris, R; Sayers, L; Delaney, A

Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on critical care healthcare workers' depression, anxiety, and stress levels.

Hammond, NE Crowe, L Abbenbroek, B Elliott, R

Tian, DH Donaldson, LH Fitzgerald, E Flower, O Grattan, S Harris, R Sayers, L Delaney, A

Permalink

Publisher:: Elsevier
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Australian Critical Care, 2021, 34, (2), pp. 146-154
Issue Date:: 2021

Closed Access

	Filename	Description	Size
	Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on critical care healthcare workers depression, anxiety, and stress levels.pdf		1.27 MB	Adobe PDF	View/Open

Copyright Clearance Process

Recently Added
In Progress
Closed Access

This item is closed access and not available.

Full metadata record

Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Hammond, NE
dc.contributor.author	Crowe, L
dc.contributor.author	Abbenbroek, B
dc.contributor.author	Elliott, R https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9239-7126
dc.contributor.author	Tian, DH
dc.contributor.author	Donaldson, LH
dc.contributor.author	Fitzgerald, E
dc.contributor.author	Flower, O
dc.contributor.author	Grattan, S
dc.contributor.author	Harris, R
dc.contributor.author	Sayers, L
dc.contributor.author	Delaney, A
dc.date.accessioned	2021-10-18T03:33:24Z
dc.date.available	2020-12-13
dc.date.available	2021-10-18T03:33:24Z
dc.date.issued	2021
dc.identifier.citation	Australian Critical Care, 2021, 34, (2), pp. 146-154
dc.identifier.issn	1036-7314
dc.identifier.issn	1878-1721
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/151145
dc.description.abstract	AIM: The aim of the study was to determine levels of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms and factors associated with psychological burden amongst critical care healthcare workers in the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. METHODS: An anonymous Web-based survey distributed in April 2020. All healthcare workers employed in a critical care setting were eligible to participate. Invitations to the survey were distributed through Australian and New Zealand critical care societies and social media platforms. The primary outcome was the proportion of healthcare workers who reported moderate to extremely severe scores on the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). RESULTS: Of the 3770 complete responses, 3039 (80.6%) were from Australia. A total of 2871 respondents (76.2%) were women; the median age was 41 years. Nurses made up 2269 (60.2%) of respondents, with most (2029 [53.8%]) working in intensive care units. Overall, 813 (21.6%) respondents reported moderate to extremely severe depression, 1078 (28.6%) reported moderate to extremely severe anxiety, and 1057 (28.0%) reported moderate to extremely severe stress scores. Mean ± standard deviation values of DASS-21 depression, anxiety, and stress scores amongst woman vs men was as follows: 8.0 ± 8.2 vs 7.1 ± 8.2 (p = 0.003), 7.2 ± 7.5 vs 5.0 ± 6.7 (p < 0.001), and 14.4 ± 9.6 vs 12.5 ± 9.4 (p < 0.001), respectively. After adjusting for significant confounders, clinical concerns associated with higher DASS-21 scores included not being clinically prepared (β = 4.2, p < 0.001), an inadequate workforce (β = 2.4, p = 0.001), having to triage patients owing to lack of beds and/or equipment (β = 2.6, p = 0.001), virus transmission to friends and family (β = 2.1, p = 0.009), contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (β = 2.8, p = 0.011), being responsible for other staff members (β = 3.1, p < 0.001), and being asked to work in an area that was not in the respondents' expertise (β = 5.7, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In this survey of critical care healthcare workers, between 22 and 29% of respondents reported moderate to extremely severe depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, with women reporting higher scores than men. Although female gender appears to play a role, modifiable factors also contribute to psychological burden and should be studied further.
dc.format	Print-Electronic
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	Elsevier
dc.relation.ispartof	Australian Critical Care
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.aucc.2020.12.004
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subject	1103 Clinical Sciences, 1110 Nursing
dc.subject.classification	Nursing
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Depression
dc.subject.mesh	Stress, Psychological
dc.subject.mesh	Anxiety
dc.subject.mesh	Adult
dc.subject.mesh	Health Personnel
dc.subject.mesh	Australia
dc.subject.mesh	New Zealand
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Male
dc.subject.mesh	Pandemics
dc.subject.mesh	Surveys and Questionnaires
dc.subject.mesh	COVID-19
dc.subject.mesh	SARS-CoV-2
dc.subject.mesh	Adult
dc.subject.mesh	Anxiety
dc.subject.mesh	Australia
dc.subject.mesh	COVID-19
dc.subject.mesh	Depression
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Health Personnel
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Male
dc.subject.mesh	New Zealand
dc.subject.mesh	Pandemics
dc.subject.mesh	SARS-CoV-2
dc.subject.mesh	Stress, Psychological
dc.subject.mesh	Surveys and Questionnaires
dc.title	Impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic on critical care healthcare workers' depression, anxiety, and stress levels.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	34
utslib.location.activity	Australia
utslib.for	1103 Clinical Sciences
utslib.for	1110 Nursing
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access	*
pubs.consider-herdc	false
dc.date.updated	2021-10-18T03:33:20Z
pubs.issue	2
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	34
utslib.citation.issue	2

Abstract:

AIM: The aim of the study was to determine levels of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms and factors associated with psychological burden amongst critical care healthcare workers in the early stages of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. METHODS: An anonymous Web-based survey distributed in April 2020. All healthcare workers employed in a critical care setting were eligible to participate. Invitations to the survey were distributed through Australian and New Zealand critical care societies and social media platforms. The primary outcome was the proportion of healthcare workers who reported moderate to extremely severe scores on the Depression, Anxiety, and Stress Scale-21 (DASS-21). RESULTS: Of the 3770 complete responses, 3039 (80.6%) were from Australia. A total of 2871 respondents (76.2%) were women; the median age was 41 years. Nurses made up 2269 (60.2%) of respondents, with most (2029 [53.8%]) working in intensive care units. Overall, 813 (21.6%) respondents reported moderate to extremely severe depression, 1078 (28.6%) reported moderate to extremely severe anxiety, and 1057 (28.0%) reported moderate to extremely severe stress scores. Mean ± standard deviation values of DASS-21 depression, anxiety, and stress scores amongst woman vs men was as follows: 8.0 ± 8.2 vs 7.1 ± 8.2 (p = 0.003), 7.2 ± 7.5 vs 5.0 ± 6.7 (p < 0.001), and 14.4 ± 9.6 vs 12.5 ± 9.4 (p < 0.001), respectively. After adjusting for significant confounders, clinical concerns associated with higher DASS-21 scores included not being clinically prepared (β = 4.2, p < 0.001), an inadequate workforce (β = 2.4, p = 0.001), having to triage patients owing to lack of beds and/or equipment (β = 2.6, p = 0.001), virus transmission to friends and family (β = 2.1, p = 0.009), contracting coronavirus disease 2019 (β = 2.8, p = 0.011), being responsible for other staff members (β = 3.1, p < 0.001), and being asked to work in an area that was not in the respondents' expertise (β = 5.7, p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: In this survey of critical care healthcare workers, between 22 and 29% of respondents reported moderate to extremely severe depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms, with women reporting higher scores than men. Although female gender appears to play a role, modifiable factors also contribute to psychological burden and should be studied further.

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:

http://hdl.handle.net/10453/151145