Experimental cryptographic verification for near-term quantum cloud computing

Chen, X; Cheng, B; Li, Z; Nie, X; Yu, N; Yung, MH; Peng, X

Experimental cryptographic verification for near-term quantum cloud computing

Chen, X Cheng, B Li, Z Nie, X Yu, N

Yung, MH Peng, X

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Publisher:: Elsevier BV
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Science Bulletin, 2021, 66, (1), pp. 23-28
Issue Date:: 2021-01-15

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Chen, X
dc.contributor.author	Cheng, B
dc.contributor.author	Li, Z
dc.contributor.author	Nie, X
dc.contributor.author	Yu, N https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1188-3032
dc.contributor.author	Yung, MH
dc.contributor.author	Peng, X
dc.date.accessioned	2022-03-31T04:03:33Z
dc.date.available	2022-03-31T04:03:33Z
dc.date.issued	2021-01-15
dc.identifier.citation	Science Bulletin, 2021, 66, (1), pp. 23-28
dc.identifier.issn	2095-9273
dc.identifier.issn	2095-9281
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/155768
dc.description.abstract	An important task for quantum cloud computing is to make sure that there is a real quantum computer running, instead of classical simulation. Here we explore the applicability of a cryptographic verification scheme for verifying quantum cloud computing. We provided a theoretical extension and implemented the scheme on a 5-qubit NMR quantum processor in the laboratory and a 5-qubit and 16-qubit processors of the IBM quantum cloud. We found that the experimental results of the NMR processor can be verified by the scheme with about 1.4% error, after noise compensation by standard techniques. However, the fidelity of the IBM quantum cloud is currently too low to pass the test (about 42% error). This verification scheme shall become practical when servers claim to offer quantum-computing resources that can achieve quantum supremacy.
dc.language	en
dc.publisher	Elsevier BV
dc.relation.ispartof	Science Bulletin
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.scib.2020.08.013
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.subject.classification	Geochemistry & Geophysics
dc.title	Experimental cryptographic verification for near-term quantum cloud computing
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	66
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - QSI - Centre for Quantum Software and Information
utslib.copyright.status	recently_added	*
pubs.consider-herdc	false
dc.date.updated	2022-03-31T04:03:31Z
pubs.issue	1
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	66
utslib.citation.issue	1

Abstract:

An important task for quantum cloud computing is to make sure that there is a real quantum computer running, instead of classical simulation. Here we explore the applicability of a cryptographic verification scheme for verifying quantum cloud computing. We provided a theoretical extension and implemented the scheme on a 5-qubit NMR quantum processor in the laboratory and a 5-qubit and 16-qubit processors of the IBM quantum cloud. We found that the experimental results of the NMR processor can be verified by the scheme with about 1.4% error, after noise compensation by standard techniques. However, the fidelity of the IBM quantum cloud is currently too low to pass the test (about 42% error). This verification scheme shall become practical when servers claim to offer quantum-computing resources that can achieve quantum supremacy.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/155768