Emissions life cycle assessment of diesel, hybrid and electric buses

Zhao, E; Walker, PD; Surawski, NC

Emissions life cycle assessment of diesel, hybrid and electric buses

Zhao, E Walker, PD Surawski, NC

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Publisher:: SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2022, 236, (6), pp. 1233-1245
Issue Date:: 2022-05-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Zhao, E
dc.contributor.author	Walker, PD
dc.contributor.author	Surawski, NC
dc.date.accessioned	2022-04-26T00:45:24Z
dc.date.available	2022-04-26T00:45:24Z
dc.date.issued	2022-05-01
dc.identifier.citation	Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering, 2022, 236, (6), pp. 1233-1245
dc.identifier.issn	0954-4070
dc.identifier.issn	2041-2991
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/156595
dc.description.abstract	This paper applies a case study approach for Australia and calculates the equipment life cycle assessment of diesel, hybrid and electric buses. This study prepared the assessment according to the procedures and methodologies outlined in the ISO 14040:2006 Environmental Management – Life Cycle Assessment. The authors have chosen three bus models currently in service in the Australian bus fleet to serve as a baseline model for comparison. The amount of greenhouse gas emissions were calculated from the production, assembly, transportation, maintenance and disposal phases. The results in this study show that the electric bus has a higher total environmental impact than the diesel and hybrid bus, mainly due to the manufacturing of the lithium-ion battery. The results also show that the electric bus has a higher environmental impact than the diesel and hybrid bus (18.2% and 14.7% higher, respectively), albeit specific to the product life cycle and without including operation emissions. However, there are many opportunities to reduce product life cycle emissions, such as improvement in manufacturing efficiency, developing new battery technology and production in regions with low carbon-intense grid-mixes.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	SAGE PUBLICATIONS LTD
dc.relation.ispartof	Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1177/09544070211034318
dc.rights	Zhao, E.; Walker, P. D.; Surawski, N. C. \| Emissions life cycle assessment of diesel, hybrid and electric buses \| Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering (2022, 236, (6), pp. 1233-1245) Copyright © [2022] (Copyright Holder). DOI: [https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/09544070211034318].
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	0902 Automotive Engineering, 0913 Mechanical Engineering
dc.title	Emissions life cycle assessment of diesel, hybrid and electric buses
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	236
utslib.for	0902 Automotive Engineering
utslib.for	0913 Mechanical Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CTWW - Centre for Technology in Water and Wastewater Treatment
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.date.updated	2022-04-26T00:45:22Z
pubs.issue	6
pubs.publication-status	Accepted
pubs.volume	236
utslib.citation.issue	6

Abstract:

This paper applies a case study approach for Australia and calculates the equipment life cycle assessment of diesel, hybrid and electric buses. This study prepared the assessment according to the procedures and methodologies outlined in the ISO 14040:2006 Environmental Management – Life Cycle Assessment. The authors have chosen three bus models currently in service in the Australian bus fleet to serve as a baseline model for comparison. The amount of greenhouse gas emissions were calculated from the production, assembly, transportation, maintenance and disposal phases. The results in this study show that the electric bus has a higher total environmental impact than the diesel and hybrid bus, mainly due to the manufacturing of the lithium-ion battery. The results also show that the electric bus has a higher environmental impact than the diesel and hybrid bus (18.2% and 14.7% higher, respectively), albeit specific to the product life cycle and without including operation emissions. However, there are many opportunities to reduce product life cycle emissions, such as improvement in manufacturing efficiency, developing new battery technology and production in regions with low carbon-intense grid-mixes.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/156595