How Nanoparticle Aerosols Transport through Multi-Stenosis Sections of Upper Airways: A CFD-DPM Modelling

Islam, MR; Larpruenrudee, P; Rahman, MM; Ullah, S; Godder, TK; Cui, X; Mortazavy Beni, H; Inthavong, K; Dong, J; Gu, Y; Islam, MS

How Nanoparticle Aerosols Transport through Multi-Stenosis Sections of Upper Airways: A CFD-DPM Modelling

Islam, MR Larpruenrudee, P

Rahman, MM Ullah, S Godder, TK Cui, X Mortazavy Beni, H Inthavong, K Dong, J Gu, Y Islam, MS

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Publisher:: MDPI AG
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Atmosphere, 13, (8), pp. 1192-1192

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Islam, MR
dc.contributor.author	Larpruenrudee, P https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3413-3667
dc.contributor.author	Rahman, MM
dc.contributor.author	Ullah, S
dc.contributor.author	Godder, TK
dc.contributor.author	Cui, X
dc.contributor.author	Mortazavy Beni, H
dc.contributor.author	Inthavong, K
dc.contributor.author	Dong, J
dc.contributor.author	Gu, Y
dc.contributor.author	Islam, MS
dc.date.accessioned	2022-08-02T00:33:41Z
dc.date.available	2022-08-02T00:33:41Z
dc.identifier.citation	Atmosphere, 13, (8), pp. 1192-1192
dc.identifier.issn	2073-4433
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/159470
dc.description.abstract	<jats:p>Airway stenosis is a global respiratory health problem that is caused by airway injury, endotracheal intubation, malignant tumor, lung aging, or autoimmune diseases. A precise understanding of the airflow dynamics and pharmaceutical aerosol transport through the multi-stenosis airways is vital for targeted drug delivery, and is missing from the literature. The object of this study primarily relates to behaviors and nanoparticle transport through the multi-stenosis sections of the trachea and upper airways. The combination of a CT-based mouth–throat model and Weibel’s model was adopted in the ANSYS FLUENT solver for the numerical simulation of the Euler–Lagrange (E-L) method. Comprehensive grid refinement and validation were performed. The results from this study indicated that, for all flow rates, a higher velocity was usually found in the stenosis section. The maximum velocity was found in the stenosis section having a 75% reduction, followed by the stenosis section having a 50% reduction. Increasing flow rate resulted in higher wall shear stress, especially in stenosis sections. The highest pressure was found in the mouth–throat section for all flow rates. The lowest pressure was usually found in stenosis sections, especially in the third generation. Particle escape rate was dependent on flow rate and inversely dependent on particle size. The overall deposition efficiency was observed to be significantly higher in the mouth–throat and stenosis sections compared to other areas. However, this was proven to be only the case for a particle size of 1 nm. Moreover, smaller nanoparticles were usually trapped in the mouth–throat section, whereas larger nanoparticle sizes escaped through the lower airways from the left side of the lung; this accounted for approximately 50% of the total injected particles, and 36% escaped from the right side. The findings of this study can improve the comprehensive understanding of airflow patterns and nanoparticle deposition. This would be beneficial in work with polydisperse particle deposition for treatment of comprehensive stenosis with specific drugs under various disease conditions.</jats:p>
dc.language	en
dc.publisher	MDPI AG
dc.relation.ispartof	Atmosphere
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.3390/atmos13081192
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	0401 Atmospheric Sciences, 0502 Environmental Science and Management
dc.title	How Nanoparticle Aerosols Transport through Multi-Stenosis Sections of Upper Airways: A CFD-DPM Modelling
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	13
utslib.for	0401 Atmospheric Sciences
utslib.for	0502 Environmental Science and Management
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.date.updated	2022-08-02T00:33:38Z
pubs.issue	8
pubs.publication-status	Published online
pubs.volume	13
utslib.citation.issue	8

Abstract:

Airway stenosis is a global respiratory health problem that is caused by airway injury, endotracheal intubation, malignant tumor, lung aging, or autoimmune diseases. A precise understanding of the airflow dynamics and pharmaceutical aerosol transport through the multi-stenosis airways is vital for targeted drug delivery, and is missing from the literature. The object of this study primarily relates to behaviors and nanoparticle transport through the multi-stenosis sections of the trachea and upper airways. The combination of a CT-based mouth–throat model and Weibel’s model was adopted in the ANSYS FLUENT solver for the numerical simulation of the Euler–Lagrange (E-L) method. Comprehensive grid refinement and validation were performed. The results from this study indicated that, for all flow rates, a higher velocity was usually found in the stenosis section. The maximum velocity was found in the stenosis section having a 75% reduction, followed by the stenosis section having a 50% reduction. Increasing flow rate resulted in higher wall shear stress, especially in stenosis sections. The highest pressure was found in the mouth–throat section for all flow rates. The lowest pressure was usually found in stenosis sections, especially in the third generation. Particle escape rate was dependent on flow rate and inversely dependent on particle size. The overall deposition efficiency was observed to be significantly higher in the mouth–throat and stenosis sections compared to other areas. However, this was proven to be only the case for a particle size of 1 nm. Moreover, smaller nanoparticles were usually trapped in the mouth–throat section, whereas larger nanoparticle sizes escaped through the lower airways from the left side of the lung; this accounted for approximately 50% of the total injected particles, and 36% escaped from the right side. The findings of this study can improve the comprehensive understanding of airflow patterns and nanoparticle deposition. This would be beneficial in work with polydisperse particle deposition for treatment of comprehensive stenosis with specific drugs under various disease conditions.

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