The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder among African migrants: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

James, PB; Renzaho, AMN; Mwanri, L; Miller, I; Wardle, J; Gatwiri, K; Lauche, R

The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder among African migrants: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

James, PB Renzaho, AMN Mwanri, L Miller, I Wardle, J

Gatwiri, K Lauche, R

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Publisher:: Elsevier
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Psychiatry Research, 2022, 317, pp. 1-20
Issue Date:: 2022-11

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	James, PB
dc.contributor.author	Renzaho, AMN
dc.contributor.author	Mwanri, L
dc.contributor.author	Miller, I
dc.contributor.author	Wardle, J https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8813-3542
dc.contributor.author	Gatwiri, K
dc.contributor.author	Lauche, R https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4171-7935
dc.date.accessioned	2022-12-01T01:07:13Z
dc.date.available	2022-10-08
dc.date.available	2022-12-01T01:07:13Z
dc.date.issued	2022-11
dc.identifier.citation	Psychiatry Research, 2022, 317, pp. 1-20
dc.identifier.issn	0165-1781
dc.identifier.issn	1872-7123
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/163971
dc.description.abstract	BACKGROUND: Evidence exists reporting a high mental health burden among migrants globally. However, there is no global estimate of mental ill-health among African migrants despite their adverse pre-migration environments. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarise the current scholarship regarding the prevalence of anxiety, depression and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in the global African migrant population. METHODS: We searched six databases (Medline (EBSCOHost), PsycINFO (EBSCOHost), Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL) from 1st January 2000 to 31st August 2021. We screened retrieved articles using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools. Random-effects meta-analyses were employed using DerSimonian and Laird estimator based on inverse variance weights. The I2 statistic was used to measure heterogeneity. RESULTS: Our search retrieved 1091 articles, of which 46 were included representing a total of 28,367 African migrants. The weighted mean age of African migrants was 32.98 years, and nearly half were male (n= 12852, 45.31%). Among the included studies, almost nine out of ten (n=41, 89.1%) were cross-sectional studies. The pooled prevalence of anxiety, depression and PTSD was 34.60%;95%CI (26.30-43.00), 33.20%;95%CI (27.70-38.37) and 37.9%;95%CI (23.5- 52.4) respectively. Significant heterogeneity (I2 >98%) existed in the prevalence estimates for anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Sub-group analyses indicate a significantly higher prevalence of anxiety and depression but PTSD for studies conducted in Africa than outside Africa. Similarly, higher prevalence rates for anxiety, depression, and PTSD were seen in studies that used a screening tool than in those that used a diagnostic tool, although a significant difference was observed for depression only. CONCLUSION: Despite significant heterogeneity among included studies, our systematic review and meta-analysis show a high prevalence of anxiety, depression, and PTSD among African migrants. Our findings underscore the need to develop and implement serious, culturally appropriate mental health interventions that address post-migration stressors that increase their risk of mental ill-health and successful integration into host communities.
dc.format	Print-Electronic
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	Elsevier
dc.relation.ispartof	Psychiatry Research
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.psychres.2022.114899
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subject	11 Medical and Health Sciences, 17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences
dc.subject.classification	Psychiatry
dc.subject.mesh	Adult
dc.subject.mesh	Anxiety
dc.subject.mesh	Depression
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Male
dc.subject.mesh	Prevalence
dc.subject.mesh	Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
dc.subject.mesh	Transients and Migrants
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Male
dc.subject.mesh	Adult
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
dc.subject.mesh	Prevalence
dc.subject.mesh	Transients and Migrants
dc.subject.mesh	Depression
dc.subject.mesh	Anxiety
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Prevalence
dc.subject.mesh	Depression
dc.subject.mesh	Anxiety
dc.subject.mesh	Stress Disorders, Post-Traumatic
dc.subject.mesh	Adult
dc.subject.mesh	Transients and Migrants
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Male
dc.title	The prevalence of anxiety, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder among African migrants: A systematic review and meta-analysis.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	317
utslib.location.activity	Ireland
utslib.for	11 Medical and Health Sciences
utslib.for	17 Psychology and Cognitive Sciences
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CHSP - Health Services and Practice
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access	*
pubs.consider-herdc	false
dc.date.updated	2022-12-01T01:07:09Z
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	317

Abstract:

BACKGROUND: Evidence exists reporting a high mental health burden among migrants globally. However, there is no global estimate of mental ill-health among African migrants despite their adverse pre-migration environments. This systematic review and meta-analysis summarise the current scholarship regarding the prevalence of anxiety, depression and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) in the global African migrant population. METHODS: We searched six databases (Medline (EBSCOHost), PsycINFO (EBSCOHost), Web of Science, PubMed, Scopus and Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health (CINAHL) from 1st January 2000 to 31st August 2021. We screened retrieved articles using strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal tools. Random-effects meta-analyses were employed using DerSimonian and Laird estimator based on inverse variance weights. The I2 statistic was used to measure heterogeneity. RESULTS: Our search retrieved 1091 articles, of which 46 were included representing a total of 28,367 African migrants. The weighted mean age of African migrants was 32.98 years, and nearly half were male (n= 12852, 45.31%). Among the included studies, almost nine out of ten (n=41, 89.1%) were cross-sectional studies. The pooled prevalence of anxiety, depression and PTSD was 34.60%;95%CI (26.30-43.00), 33.20%;95%CI (27.70-38.37) and 37.9%;95%CI (23.5- 52.4) respectively. Significant heterogeneity (I2 >98%) existed in the prevalence estimates for anxiety, depression, and PTSD. Sub-group analyses indicate a significantly higher prevalence of anxiety and depression but PTSD for studies conducted in Africa than outside Africa. Similarly, higher prevalence rates for anxiety, depression, and PTSD were seen in studies that used a screening tool than in those that used a diagnostic tool, although a significant difference was observed for depression only. CONCLUSION: Despite significant heterogeneity among included studies, our systematic review and meta-analysis show a high prevalence of anxiety, depression, and PTSD among African migrants. Our findings underscore the need to develop and implement serious, culturally appropriate mental health interventions that address post-migration stressors that increase their risk of mental ill-health and successful integration into host communities.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/163971