Low Frequency Audio Sound Field Generated by a Focusing Parametric Array Loudspeaker

Zhong, J; Zhuang, T; Kirby, R; Karimi, M; Qiu, X; Zou, H; Lu, J

Low Frequency Audio Sound Field Generated by a Focusing Parametric Array Loudspeaker

Zhong, J Zhuang, T Kirby, R

Karimi, M

Qiu, X

Zou, H Lu, J

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Publisher:: IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing, 2022, 30, pp. 3098-3109
Issue Date:: 2022-01-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Zhong, J
dc.contributor.author	Zhuang, T
dc.contributor.author	Kirby, R https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3520-1377
dc.contributor.author	Karimi, M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2949-5364
dc.contributor.author	Qiu, X https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5181-1220
dc.contributor.author	Zou, H
dc.contributor.author	Lu, J
dc.date.accessioned	2023-03-09T22:18:21Z
dc.date.available	2023-03-09T22:18:21Z
dc.date.issued	2022-01-01
dc.identifier.citation	IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing, 2022, 30, pp. 3098-3109
dc.identifier.issn	2329-9290
dc.identifier.issn	2329-9304
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/166897
dc.description.abstract	In this paper, the audio sound field generated by a focusing parametric array loudspeaker (PAL) is investigated both numerically and experimentally. A computationally efficient method is developed to calculate the quasilinear solution of both the Westervelt and Kuznetsov equations. The accuracy of generated sound field using Westervelt equation is initially examined, and the results are then compared with those obtained using the Kuznetsov equation. It is found that the focusing on the true focal location deteriorates the prediction accuracy using the Westervelt equation due to the strong and complicated local effects. To validate the numerical results against experimental data, a 37-channel focusing PAL prototype is constructed by using a field programmable gate array, metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor drivers and the pulse train signal technique. Both the simulation and experimental results show that the audio sound pressure around the true focal location is increased, and the increment becomes larger at low audio frequencies and when the focal point moves close to the radiation surface, which is attributed to the strong local effects in the near field. It has been shown that a focusing PAL can improve the poor low frequency response for a conventional PAL without focusing, and the generated audio sound decays rapidly with the distance in the far field when compared to that without focusing.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
dc.relation.ispartof	IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1109/TASLP.2022.3209944
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subject	0801 Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing, 0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering
dc.subject.classification	Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology
dc.title	Low Frequency Audio Sound Field Generated by a Focusing Parametric Array Loudspeaker
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	30
utslib.for	0801 Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
utslib.for	0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access	*
dc.date.updated	2023-03-09T22:18:20Z
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	30

Abstract:

In this paper, the audio sound field generated by a focusing parametric array loudspeaker (PAL) is investigated both numerically and experimentally. A computationally efficient method is developed to calculate the quasilinear solution of both the Westervelt and Kuznetsov equations. The accuracy of generated sound field using Westervelt equation is initially examined, and the results are then compared with those obtained using the Kuznetsov equation. It is found that the focusing on the true focal location deteriorates the prediction accuracy using the Westervelt equation due to the strong and complicated local effects. To validate the numerical results against experimental data, a 37-channel focusing PAL prototype is constructed by using a field programmable gate array, metal-oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor drivers and the pulse train signal technique. Both the simulation and experimental results show that the audio sound pressure around the true focal location is increased, and the increment becomes larger at low audio frequencies and when the focal point moves close to the radiation surface, which is attributed to the strong local effects in the near field. It has been shown that a focusing PAL can improve the poor low frequency response for a conventional PAL without focusing, and the generated audio sound decays rapidly with the distance in the far field when compared to that without focusing.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/166897