The Benefits to Bone Health in Children and Pre-School Children with Additional Exercise Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

McCaskie, C; Siafarikas, A; Cochrane Wilkie, J; Sutton, V; Chivers, P; Hart, NH; Murphy, MC

The Benefits to Bone Health in Children and Pre-School Children with Additional Exercise Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

McCaskie, C Siafarikas, A Cochrane Wilkie, J Sutton, V Chivers, P Hart, NH Murphy, MC

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Publisher:: MDPI
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Nutrients, 2023, 15, (1), pp. 127
Issue Date:: 2023-01-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	McCaskie, C
dc.contributor.author	Siafarikas, A
dc.contributor.author	Cochrane Wilkie, J
dc.contributor.author	Sutton, V
dc.contributor.author	Chivers, P
dc.contributor.author	Hart, NH
dc.contributor.author	Murphy, MC
dc.date.accessioned	2023-09-12T04:12:05Z
dc.date.available	2022-12-23
dc.date.available	2023-09-12T04:12:05Z
dc.date.issued	2023-01-01
dc.identifier.citation	Nutrients, 2023, 15, (1), pp. 127
dc.identifier.issn	2072-6643
dc.identifier.issn	2072-6643
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/172054
dc.description.abstract	OBJECTIVE: Determine if exercise interventions, beyond what is already provided to children and preschool children, improve bone health and reduce fracture incidence. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis reported using the PRISMA guidelines. Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE recommendations. DATA SOURCES: Five electronic databases were searched for records: PUBMED; CINAHL; CENTRAL; SPORTDiscus; Web of Science. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Randomised, quasi-randomised and non-randomised controlled trials (including cluster-randomised) assessing the impact of additional exercise interventions (e.g., increased physical education classes or specific jumping programs) on bone health in children (6-12 years) and pre-school children (2-5 years) without dietary intervention. RESULTS: Thirty-one records representing 16 distinct clinical trials were included. Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and/or peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT) were used to quantify bone health. Increased femoral neck bone mineral content in children with additional exercise interventions (n = 790, SMD = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.01 to 1.09) was reported, however this was not significant following sensitivity analysis. Other DXA and pQCT measures, as well as fracture incidence, did not appear to significantly differ over time between intervention and control groups. No studies reported adverse events. Studies failed to report all domains within the TIDieR checklist. All studies were at high risk of bias using the Cochrane RoB Tool 2.0. The certainty of the evidence was very low. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of exercise interventions, beyond what is provided to children, does not appear to improve DXA and pQCT measures of bone health. The effect of additional exercise interventions on bone health in pre-school children is largely unknown. Future trials should ensure adherence is clearly reported and controlled for within analysis as well as including reports of adverse events (e.g., apophysitis) that occur due to increased exercise interventions.
dc.format	Electronic
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	MDPI
dc.relation.ispartof	Nutrients
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.3390/nu15010127
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	0908 Food Sciences, 1111 Nutrition and Dietetics
dc.subject.classification	3202 Clinical sciences
dc.subject.classification	3210 Nutrition and dietetics
dc.subject.classification	4206 Public health
dc.subject.mesh	Bone Density
dc.subject.mesh	Child
dc.subject.mesh	Child, Preschool
dc.subject.mesh	Exercise
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Child, Preschool
dc.subject.mesh	Child
dc.subject.mesh	Bone Density
dc.subject.mesh	Exercise
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Exercise
dc.subject.mesh	Bone Density
dc.subject.mesh	Child
dc.subject.mesh	Child, Preschool
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Child, Preschool
dc.subject.mesh	Child
dc.subject.mesh	Bone Density
dc.subject.mesh	Exercise
dc.title	The Benefits to Bone Health in Children and Pre-School Children with Additional Exercise Interventions: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	15
utslib.location.activity	Switzerland
utslib.for	0908 Food Sciences
utslib.for	1111 Nutrition and Dietetics
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - HPRC - Human Performance Research Centre
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
pubs.consider-herdc	false
dc.date.updated	2023-09-12T04:11:55Z
pubs.issue	1
pubs.publication-status	Published online
pubs.volume	15
utslib.citation.issue	1

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: Determine if exercise interventions, beyond what is already provided to children and preschool children, improve bone health and reduce fracture incidence. DESIGN: Systematic review and meta-analysis reported using the PRISMA guidelines. Certainty of evidence was assessed using GRADE recommendations. DATA SOURCES: Five electronic databases were searched for records: PUBMED; CINAHL; CENTRAL; SPORTDiscus; Web of Science. ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA FOR SELECTING STUDIES: Randomised, quasi-randomised and non-randomised controlled trials (including cluster-randomised) assessing the impact of additional exercise interventions (e.g., increased physical education classes or specific jumping programs) on bone health in children (6-12 years) and pre-school children (2-5 years) without dietary intervention. RESULTS: Thirty-one records representing 16 distinct clinical trials were included. Dual-energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) and/or peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography (pQCT) were used to quantify bone health. Increased femoral neck bone mineral content in children with additional exercise interventions (n = 790, SMD = 0.55, 95% CI = 0.01 to 1.09) was reported, however this was not significant following sensitivity analysis. Other DXA and pQCT measures, as well as fracture incidence, did not appear to significantly differ over time between intervention and control groups. No studies reported adverse events. Studies failed to report all domains within the TIDieR checklist. All studies were at high risk of bias using the Cochrane RoB Tool 2.0. The certainty of the evidence was very low. CONCLUSIONS: The addition of exercise interventions, beyond what is provided to children, does not appear to improve DXA and pQCT measures of bone health. The effect of additional exercise interventions on bone health in pre-school children is largely unknown. Future trials should ensure adherence is clearly reported and controlled for within analysis as well as including reports of adverse events (e.g., apophysitis) that occur due to increased exercise interventions.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/172054