Sidelobe Suppression for a Steerable Parametric Source Using the Sparse Random Array Technique

Zhong, J; Zhuang, T; Li, M; Kirby, R; Karimi, M; Lu, J; Zhang, D

Sidelobe Suppression for a Steerable Parametric Source Using the Sparse Random Array Technique

Zhong, J Zhuang, T Li, M Kirby, R Karimi, M

Lu, J Zhang, D

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Publisher:: IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing, 2023, 31, pp. 3152-3161
Issue Date:: 2023-01-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Zhong, J
dc.contributor.author	Zhuang, T
dc.contributor.author	Li, M
dc.contributor.author	Kirby, R
dc.contributor.author	Karimi, M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2949-5364
dc.contributor.author	Lu, J
dc.contributor.author	Zhang, D
dc.date.accessioned	2023-11-17T01:08:59Z
dc.date.available	2023-11-17T01:08:59Z
dc.date.issued	2023-01-01
dc.identifier.citation	IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing, 2023, 31, pp. 3152-3161
dc.identifier.issn	2329-9290
dc.identifier.issn	2329-9304
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/173451
dc.description.abstract	A steerable parametric source is designed to steer an audio beam without mechanically rotating the source. To achieve this without the generation of grating lobes requires an ultrasonic array with interelement spacing that is less than half the wavelength of the carrier ultrasound because of the spatial Nyquist criterion. However, ultrasonic wavelengths are typically smaller than the size of an ultrasonic transducer and this generates grating lobes in the radiation pattern, which is known as the spatial aliasing effect. This work proposes a method to suppress sidelobes including these grating lobes by optimizing the position and weight coefficients of the array elements by using a sparse random array technique. This is achieved by using the peak sidelobe level as the objective function and the simulated annealing algorithm for the optimization. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate the sidelobe level can be effectively suppressed when the average interelement spacing is two wavelengths. It is also found that Westervelt directivity has a significant effect on the spatial aliasing, because it serves as a spatial filter on the product directivity of the ultrasound. Accordingly, the sidelobe suppression performance deteriorates at low audio frequencies and high ultrasound frequencies where Westervelt directivity tends to be broader. However, this deterioration in performance can be addressed by increasing the number of the array elements.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
dc.relation.ispartof	IEEE/ACM Transactions on Audio Speech and Language Processing
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1109/TASLP.2023.3304491
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subject	0801 Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing, 0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering
dc.subject.classification	Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology
dc.title	Sidelobe Suppression for a Steerable Parametric Source Using the Sparse Random Array Technique
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	31
utslib.for	0801 Artificial Intelligence and Image Processing
utslib.for	0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Mechanical and Mechatronic Engineering
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access	*
dc.date.updated	2023-11-17T01:08:57Z
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	31

Abstract:

A steerable parametric source is designed to steer an audio beam without mechanically rotating the source. To achieve this without the generation of grating lobes requires an ultrasonic array with interelement spacing that is less than half the wavelength of the carrier ultrasound because of the spatial Nyquist criterion. However, ultrasonic wavelengths are typically smaller than the size of an ultrasonic transducer and this generates grating lobes in the radiation pattern, which is known as the spatial aliasing effect. This work proposes a method to suppress sidelobes including these grating lobes by optimizing the position and weight coefficients of the array elements by using a sparse random array technique. This is achieved by using the peak sidelobe level as the objective function and the simulated annealing algorithm for the optimization. Both simulation and experimental results demonstrate the sidelobe level can be effectively suppressed when the average interelement spacing is two wavelengths. It is also found that Westervelt directivity has a significant effect on the spatial aliasing, because it serves as a spatial filter on the product directivity of the ultrasound. Accordingly, the sidelobe suppression performance deteriorates at low audio frequencies and high ultrasound frequencies where Westervelt directivity tends to be broader. However, this deterioration in performance can be addressed by increasing the number of the array elements.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/173451