Bit Flipping Key Encapsulation for the Post-Quantum Era

Nosouhi, MR; Shah, SWA; Pan, L; Doss, R

Bit Flipping Key Encapsulation for the Post-Quantum Era

Nosouhi, MR Shah, SWA Pan, L Doss, R

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Publisher:: IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: IEEE Access, 2023, 11, pp. 56181-56195
Issue Date:: 2023-01-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Nosouhi, MR
dc.contributor.author	Shah, SWA
dc.contributor.author	Pan, L
dc.contributor.author	Doss, R
dc.date.accessioned	2024-03-08T01:16:39Z
dc.date.available	2024-03-08T01:16:39Z
dc.date.issued	2023-01-01
dc.identifier.citation	IEEE Access, 2023, 11, pp. 56181-56195
dc.identifier.issn	2169-3536
dc.identifier.issn	2169-3536
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/176334
dc.description.abstract	It is a matter of time before quantum computers will break the cryptosystems like RSA and ECC underpinning today's internet protocols. As Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) is a low-cost approach compared to others like quantum key distribution, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has recently reviewed and analyzed numerous approaches to PQC. As a PQC candidate, Bit Flipping Key Encapsulation (BIKE) is expected to be standardized as a general-purpose Key Encapsulation Mechanism (KEM) by NIST. However, it lacks a comprehensive review of BIKE associated with technical analysis. This paper aims to present an in-depth review and analysis of the BIKE scheme with respect to relevant attacks. We provide a comprehensive review of the original McEliece (ME) scheme and present a detailed discussion on its practical challenges. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth study on the challenges of ME and BIKE cryptosystems in achieving the Indistinguishability under Chosen-Ciphertext Attack (IND-CCA) security. We provide an analysis of these cryptosystems and their security against several attacks before pointing out the research gaps for strengthening BIKE.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
dc.relation.ispartof	IEEE Access
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3282928
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	08 Information and Computing Sciences, 09 Engineering, 10 Technology
dc.subject.classification	40 Engineering
dc.subject.classification	46 Information and computing sciences
dc.title	Bit Flipping Key Encapsulation for the Post-Quantum Era
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	11
utslib.for	08 Information and Computing Sciences
utslib.for	09 Engineering
utslib.for	10 Technology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Computer Science
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.date.updated	2024-03-08T01:16:38Z
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	11

Abstract:

It is a matter of time before quantum computers will break the cryptosystems like RSA and ECC underpinning today's internet protocols. As Post-Quantum Cryptography (PQC) is a low-cost approach compared to others like quantum key distribution, the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has recently reviewed and analyzed numerous approaches to PQC. As a PQC candidate, Bit Flipping Key Encapsulation (BIKE) is expected to be standardized as a general-purpose Key Encapsulation Mechanism (KEM) by NIST. However, it lacks a comprehensive review of BIKE associated with technical analysis. This paper aims to present an in-depth review and analysis of the BIKE scheme with respect to relevant attacks. We provide a comprehensive review of the original McEliece (ME) scheme and present a detailed discussion on its practical challenges. Furthermore, we provide an in-depth study on the challenges of ME and BIKE cryptosystems in achieving the Indistinguishability under Chosen-Ciphertext Attack (IND-CCA) security. We provide an analysis of these cryptosystems and their security against several attacks before pointing out the research gaps for strengthening BIKE.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/176334