Liquid crystal display technique (LCD) for high resolution 3D printing of triply periodic minimal surface lattices bioceramics

Roohani, I; Entezari, A; Zreiqat, H

Liquid crystal display technique (LCD) for high resolution 3D printing of triply periodic minimal surface lattices bioceramics

Roohani, I Entezari, A

Zreiqat, H

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Publisher:: ELSEVIER
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Additive Manufacturing, 2023, 74
Issue Date:: 2023-07-25

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Roohani, I
dc.contributor.author	Entezari, A https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0504-8364
dc.contributor.author	Zreiqat, H
dc.date.accessioned	2024-05-03T04:22:35Z
dc.date.available	2024-05-03T04:22:35Z
dc.date.issued	2023-07-25
dc.identifier.citation	Additive Manufacturing, 2023, 74
dc.identifier.issn	2214-8604
dc.identifier.issn	2214-8604
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/178608
dc.description.abstract	The ability to fabricate highly porous bioceramic scaffolds with triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) lattices that mimic the architecture of trabecular bone remains a challenge in ceramic additive manufacturing. The present paper describes a vat-photopolymerization technique using a high-resolution liquid crystal display (LCD), as a dynamic mask-generator, to manufacture TPMS constructs with porosities above 90%, pore sizes below 200 µm, and a minimum wall thickness of 38 µm. We systematically investigate the effects and mechanisms of processing variables, including refractive index and particle size distribution of powders on the cure depth of photosensitive slurries and dimensional accuracy prints made from hydroxyapatite and Baghdadite (Ca6Zr2(Si2O7)2O4) bioceramics. Our results demonstrate that the difference between the refractive index of solid particles and the photosensitive resin is a critical factor in dictating print quality and dimensional accuracy. Additionally, we showed that irrespective of the bioceramic composition, reducing the particle size from 9.0 µm (d50) to 0.5 µm (d50), enhances the quality of the surface finish, while decreasing the smallest feature size that can be achieved. Overall, this study presents the LCD technique as a robust and effective alternative to conventional stereolithography techniques (i.e, digital light processing and scanning stereolithography) for 3D fabrication of bioceramic scaffolds. It also emphasies the importance of LCD as a manufacturing technique for the implementation of advanced topological optimizations of bone scaffolds and production of patient-specific implants.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	ELSEVIER
dc.relation.ispartof	Additive Manufacturing
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.addma.2023.103720
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	0910 Manufacturing Engineering
dc.subject.classification	4014 Manufacturing engineering
dc.subject.classification	4016 Materials engineering
dc.title	Liquid crystal display technique (LCD) for high resolution 3D printing of triply periodic minimal surface lattices bioceramics
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	74
utslib.for	0910 Manufacturing Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Biomedical Engineering
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.date.updated	2024-05-03T04:22:33Z
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	74

Abstract:

The ability to fabricate highly porous bioceramic scaffolds with triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS) lattices that mimic the architecture of trabecular bone remains a challenge in ceramic additive manufacturing. The present paper describes a vat-photopolymerization technique using a high-resolution liquid crystal display (LCD), as a dynamic mask-generator, to manufacture TPMS constructs with porosities above 90%, pore sizes below 200 µm, and a minimum wall thickness of 38 µm. We systematically investigate the effects and mechanisms of processing variables, including refractive index and particle size distribution of powders on the cure depth of photosensitive slurries and dimensional accuracy prints made from hydroxyapatite and Baghdadite (Ca6Zr2(Si2O7)2O4) bioceramics. Our results demonstrate that the difference between the refractive index of solid particles and the photosensitive resin is a critical factor in dictating print quality and dimensional accuracy. Additionally, we showed that irrespective of the bioceramic composition, reducing the particle size from 9.0 µm (d50) to 0.5 µm (d50), enhances the quality of the surface finish, while decreasing the smallest feature size that can be achieved. Overall, this study presents the LCD technique as a robust and effective alternative to conventional stereolithography techniques (i.e, digital light processing and scanning stereolithography) for 3D fabrication of bioceramic scaffolds. It also emphasies the importance of LCD as a manufacturing technique for the implementation of advanced topological optimizations of bone scaffolds and production of patient-specific implants.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/178608