Effects of folic acid food fortification scenarios on the folate intake of a multi-ethnic pregnant population.

Teixeira, JA; Castro, TG; Wall, CR; Marchioni, DM; Berry, S; Morton, SM; Grant, CC

Effects of folic acid food fortification scenarios on the folate intake of a multi-ethnic pregnant population.

Teixeira, JA Castro, TG Wall, CR Marchioni, DM Berry, S Morton, SM Grant, CC

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Publisher:: CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Public Health Nutr, 2019, 22, (4), pp. 738-749
Issue Date:: 2019-03

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Teixeira, JA
dc.contributor.author	Castro, TG
dc.contributor.author	Wall, CR
dc.contributor.author	Marchioni, DM
dc.contributor.author	Berry, S
dc.contributor.author	Morton, SM
dc.contributor.author	Grant, CC
dc.date.accessioned	2025-01-13T02:58:45Z
dc.date.available	2025-01-13T02:58:45Z
dc.date.issued	2019-03
dc.identifier.citation	Public Health Nutr, 2019, 22, (4), pp. 738-749
dc.identifier.issn	1368-9800
dc.identifier.issn	1475-2727
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/183328
dc.description.abstract	OBJECTIVE: To simulate effects of different scenarios of folic acid fortification of food on dietary folate equivalents (DFE) intake in an ethnically diverse sample of pregnant women. DESIGN: A forty-four-item FFQ was used to evaluate dietary intake of the population. DFE intakes were estimated for different scenarios of food fortification with folic acid: (i) voluntary fortification; (ii) increased voluntary fortification; (iii) simulated bread mandatory fortification; and (iv) simulated grains-and-rice mandatory fortification. SETTING: Ethnically and socio-economically diverse cohort of pregnant women in New Zealand.ParticipantsPregnant women (n 5664) whose children were born in 2009-2010. RESULTS: Participants identified their ethnicity as European (56·0 %), Asian (14·2 %), Māori (13·2 %), Pacific (12·8 %) or Others (3·8 %). Bread, breakfast cereals and yeast spread were main food sources of DFE in the two voluntary fortification scenarios. However, for Asian women, green leafy vegetables, bread and breakfast cereals were main contributors of DFE in these scenarios. In descending order, proportions of different ethnic groups in the lowest tertile of DFE intake for the four fortification scenarios were: Asian (39-60 %), Others (41-44 %), European (31-37 %), Pacific (23-26 %) and Māori (23-27 %). In comparisons within each ethnic group across scenarios of food fortification with folic acid, differences were observed only with DFE intake higher in the simulated grains-and-rice mandatory fortification v. other scenarios. CONCLUSIONS: If grain and rice fortification with folic acid was mandatory in New Zealand, DFE intakes would be more evenly distributed among pregnant women of different ethnicities, potentially reducing ethnic group differences in risk of lower folate intakes.
dc.format	Print-Electronic
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	CAMBRIDGE UNIV PRESS
dc.relation.ispartof	Public Health Nutr
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1017/S1368980018003026
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subject	11 Medical and Health Sciences
dc.subject.classification	Nutrition & Dietetics
dc.subject.classification	32 Biomedical and clinical sciences
dc.subject.classification	42 Health sciences
dc.subject.mesh	Adult
dc.subject.mesh	Bread
dc.subject.mesh	Cohort Studies
dc.subject.mesh	Diet
dc.subject.mesh	Edible Grain
dc.subject.mesh	Ethnicity
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Folic Acid
dc.subject.mesh	Food, Fortified
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	New Zealand
dc.subject.mesh	Nutrition Surveys
dc.subject.mesh	Nutritional Requirements
dc.subject.mesh	Pregnancy
dc.subject.mesh	Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
dc.subject.mesh	Socioeconomic Factors
dc.subject.mesh	Vegetables
dc.subject.mesh	Young Adult
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Vegetables
dc.subject.mesh	Folic Acid
dc.subject.mesh	Diet
dc.subject.mesh	Nutrition Surveys
dc.subject.mesh	Cohort Studies
dc.subject.mesh	Nutritional Requirements
dc.subject.mesh	Pregnancy
dc.subject.mesh	Socioeconomic Factors
dc.subject.mesh	Bread
dc.subject.mesh	Food, Fortified
dc.subject.mesh	Adult
dc.subject.mesh	New Zealand
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
dc.subject.mesh	Young Adult
dc.subject.mesh	Edible Grain
dc.subject.mesh	Ethnicity
dc.subject.mesh	Adult
dc.subject.mesh	Bread
dc.subject.mesh	Cohort Studies
dc.subject.mesh	Diet
dc.subject.mesh	Edible Grain
dc.subject.mesh	Ethnicity
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Folic Acid
dc.subject.mesh	Food, Fortified
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	New Zealand
dc.subject.mesh	Nutrition Surveys
dc.subject.mesh	Nutritional Requirements
dc.subject.mesh	Pregnancy
dc.subject.mesh	Prenatal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena
dc.subject.mesh	Socioeconomic Factors
dc.subject.mesh	Vegetables
dc.subject.mesh	Young Adult
dc.title	Effects of folic acid food fortification scenarios on the folate intake of a multi-ethnic pregnant population.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	22
utslib.location.activity	England
utslib.for	11 Medical and Health Sciences
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/UTS Groups
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/UTS Groups/Women & Children’s Health Research Collaborative (WCHC)
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/UTS Groups/INSIGHT: Institute for Innovative Solutions for Well-being and Health
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access	*
dc.date.updated	2025-01-13T02:58:42Z
pubs.issue	4
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	22
utslib.citation.issue	4

Abstract:

OBJECTIVE: To simulate effects of different scenarios of folic acid fortification of food on dietary folate equivalents (DFE) intake in an ethnically diverse sample of pregnant women. DESIGN: A forty-four-item FFQ was used to evaluate dietary intake of the population. DFE intakes were estimated for different scenarios of food fortification with folic acid: (i) voluntary fortification; (ii) increased voluntary fortification; (iii) simulated bread mandatory fortification; and (iv) simulated grains-and-rice mandatory fortification. SETTING: Ethnically and socio-economically diverse cohort of pregnant women in New Zealand.ParticipantsPregnant women (n 5664) whose children were born in 2009-2010. RESULTS: Participants identified their ethnicity as European (56·0 %), Asian (14·2 %), Māori (13·2 %), Pacific (12·8 %) or Others (3·8 %). Bread, breakfast cereals and yeast spread were main food sources of DFE in the two voluntary fortification scenarios. However, for Asian women, green leafy vegetables, bread and breakfast cereals were main contributors of DFE in these scenarios. In descending order, proportions of different ethnic groups in the lowest tertile of DFE intake for the four fortification scenarios were: Asian (39-60 %), Others (41-44 %), European (31-37 %), Pacific (23-26 %) and Māori (23-27 %). In comparisons within each ethnic group across scenarios of food fortification with folic acid, differences were observed only with DFE intake higher in the simulated grains-and-rice mandatory fortification v. other scenarios. CONCLUSIONS: If grain and rice fortification with folic acid was mandatory in New Zealand, DFE intakes would be more evenly distributed among pregnant women of different ethnicities, potentially reducing ethnic group differences in risk of lower folate intakes.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/183328