Ultrafast laser-fabricated fluoride glass waveguides with exceptionally high positive refractive index change for mid-infrared integrated optics

Fernandez, TT; Hwang, Y; Mahmodi, H; Otten, DE; Plenecassagne, L; Cozic, S; Gross, S; Kabakova, I; Withford, M; Poulain, M; Fuerbach, A; Lancaster, DG

Ultrafast laser-fabricated fluoride glass waveguides with exceptionally high positive refractive index change for mid-infrared integrated optics

Fernandez, TT Hwang, Y Mahmodi, H Otten, DE Plenecassagne, L Cozic, S Gross, S Kabakova, I

Withford, M Poulain, M Fuerbach, A Lancaster, DG

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Publisher:: Optica Publishing Group
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Optics Express, 2024, 32, (24), pp. 42938-42950
Issue Date:: 2024-11-18

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Fernandez, TT
dc.contributor.author	Hwang, Y
dc.contributor.author	Mahmodi, H
dc.contributor.author	Otten, DE
dc.contributor.author	Plenecassagne, L
dc.contributor.author	Cozic, S
dc.contributor.author	Gross, S
dc.contributor.author	Kabakova, I https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6831-9478
dc.contributor.author	Withford, M
dc.contributor.author	Poulain, M
dc.contributor.author	Fuerbach, A
dc.contributor.author	Lancaster, DG
dc.date.accessioned	2025-01-21T04:42:00Z
dc.date.available	2025-01-21T04:42:00Z
dc.date.issued	2024-11-18
dc.identifier.citation	Optics Express, 2024, 32, (24), pp. 42938-42950
dc.identifier.issn	1094-4087
dc.identifier.issn	1094-4087
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/183951
dc.description.abstract	This study presents the successful fabrication of waveguides with a high positive refractive index change exceeding 0.02 in rare earth-doped fluoride glass, marking a major advancement in integrated optical components for visible to mid-infrared applications. By overcoming persistent challenges in mid-infrared direct-write photonics, this research enables the development of waveguides with high refractive index contrast and mode tailoring in optical substrates, supporting the miniaturization of optical devices. The investigation reveals that the exceptionally high index change results from material densification, driven primarily by the migration of barium within the glass composition. With low propagation losses (0.21 dB/cm) and a highly customizable V-number over a broad wavelength range from visible to mid-infrared, these waveguides hold significant promise for chip laser technologies and the development of advanced optical devices for sensing and spectroscopy.
dc.language	en
dc.publisher	Optica Publishing Group
dc.relation.ispartof	Optics Express
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1364/OE.541446
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.subject	0205 Optical Physics, 0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 1005 Communications Technologies
dc.subject.classification	Optics
dc.subject.classification	4006 Communications engineering
dc.subject.classification	4009 Electronics, sensors and digital hardware
dc.subject.classification	5102 Atomic, molecular and optical physics
dc.title	Ultrafast laser-fabricated fluoride glass waveguides with exceptionally high positive refractive index change for mid-infrared integrated optics
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	32
utslib.for	0205 Optical Physics
utslib.for	0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering
utslib.for	1005 Communications Technologies
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science/School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/UTS Groups
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/UTS Groups/Centre for Health Technologies (CHT)
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/UTS Groups/Institute of Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD)
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/UTS Groups/Institute of Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD)/Institute of Biomedical Materials and Devices (IBMD) Associate Members
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.date.updated	2025-01-21T04:41:58Z
pubs.issue	24
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	32
utslib.citation.issue	24

Abstract:

This study presents the successful fabrication of waveguides with a high positive refractive index change exceeding 0.02 in rare earth-doped fluoride glass, marking a major advancement in integrated optical components for visible to mid-infrared applications. By overcoming persistent challenges in mid-infrared direct-write photonics, this research enables the development of waveguides with high refractive index contrast and mode tailoring in optical substrates, supporting the miniaturization of optical devices. The investigation reveals that the exceptionally high index change results from material densification, driven primarily by the migration of barium within the glass composition. With low propagation losses (0.21 dB/cm) and a highly customizable V-number over a broad wavelength range from visible to mid-infrared, these waveguides hold significant promise for chip laser technologies and the development of advanced optical devices for sensing and spectroscopy.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/183951