Unhelpful thoughts and beliefs linked to social anxiety in stuttering: Development of a measure
- Publisher:
- WILEY-BLACKWELL
- Publication Type:
- Journal Article
- Citation:
- International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 2009, 44, (3), pp. 338-351
- Issue Date:
- 2009-11-09
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| Intl J Lang Comm Disor - 2011 - St Clare - Unhelpful thoughts and beliefs linked to social anxiety in stuttering .pdf | Published version | 268.36 kB |
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Background: Those who stutter have a proclivity to social anxiety. Yet, to date, there is no comprehensive measure of thoughts and beliefs about stuttering that represent the cognitions associated with that anxiety. Aims: The present paper describes the development of a measure to assess unhelpful thoughts and beliefs about stuttering. Methods & Procedures: The Unhelpful Thoughts and Beliefs about Stuttering UTBAS selfreport measure contains 66 items that assess the frequency of unhelpful thoughts and beliefs. Items were constructed from a comprehensive file audit of all stuttering cases seen in a cognitivebehavior therapy based treatment programme over a tenyear period. Outcomes & Results Preliminary investigations indicate that the UTBAS has high levels of testretest reliability r 0.89 and internal consistency Chronbach's alpha 0.98. It has good knowngroups validity, being able to discriminate between stuttering and nonstuttering participants on items that contain no reference to stuttering t38 8.06, p<0.0001, with a large effect size d 2.3. It has good convergent validity r 0.530.72 and discriminant validity r 0.240.27. The UTBAS sensitivity to change was supported by improvements in thoughts and beliefs related to social anxiety following cognitivebehavioural treatment for anxiety in stuttering t25 10.13, p<0.0001. The effect size was large d 2.5. Conclusions & Implications: Implications for the use of the UTBAS as an outcome measure and a clinical tool are discussed, along with the potential value of the UTBAS to explore the welldocumented social anxiety experienced by those who stutter.
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