Novel influenza A viruses in pigs with zoonotic potential, Chile.

Tapia, R; Brito, B; Saavedra, M; Mena, J; García-Salum, T; Rathnasinghe, R; Barriga, G; Tapia, K; García, V; Bucarey, S; Jang, Y; Wentworth, D; Torremorell, M; Neira, V; Medina, RA

Novel influenza A viruses in pigs with zoonotic potential, Chile.

Tapia, R Brito, B Saavedra, M Mena, J García-Salum, T Rathnasinghe, R Barriga, G Tapia, K García, V Bucarey, S Jang, Y Wentworth, D Torremorell, M Neira, V Medina, RA

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Publisher:: American Society for Microbiology
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Microbiol Spectr, 2024, 12, (4), pp. e0218123
Issue Date:: 2024-04-02

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Tapia, R
dc.contributor.author	Brito, B
dc.contributor.author	Saavedra, M
dc.contributor.author	Mena, J
dc.contributor.author	García-Salum, T
dc.contributor.author	Rathnasinghe, R
dc.contributor.author	Barriga, G
dc.contributor.author	Tapia, K
dc.contributor.author	García, V
dc.contributor.author	Bucarey, S
dc.contributor.author	Jang, Y
dc.contributor.author	Wentworth, D
dc.contributor.author	Torremorell, M
dc.contributor.author	Neira, V
dc.contributor.author	Medina, RA
dc.contributor.editor	Wang, J
dc.date.accessioned	2025-01-28T05:33:32Z
dc.date.available	2025-01-28T05:33:32Z
dc.date.issued	2024-04-02
dc.identifier.citation	Microbiol Spectr, 2024, 12, (4), pp. e0218123
dc.identifier.issn	2165-0497
dc.identifier.issn	2165-0497
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/184341
dc.description.abstract	Novel H1N2 and H3N2 swine influenza A viruses (IAVs) have recently been identified in Chile. The objective of this study was to evaluate their zoonotic potential. We perform phylogenetic analyses to determine the genetic origin and evolution of these viruses, and a serological analysis to determine the level of cross-protective antibodies in the human population. Eight genotypes were identified, all with pandemic H1N1 2009-like internal genes. H1N1 and H1N2 were the subtypes more commonly detected. Swine H1N2 and H3N2 IAVs had hemagglutinin and neuraminidase lineages genetically divergent from IAVs reported worldwide, including human vaccine strains. These genes originated from human seasonal viruses were introduced into the swine population since the mid-1980s. Serological data indicate that the general population is susceptible to the H3N2 virus and that elderly and young children also lack protective antibodies against the H1N2 strains, suggesting that these viruses could be potential zoonotic threats. Continuous IAV surveillance and monitoring of the swine and human populations is strongly recommended.IMPORTANCEIn the global context, where swine serve as crucial intermediate hosts for influenza A viruses (IAVs), this study addresses the pressing concern of the zoonotic potential of novel reassortant strains. Conducted on a large scale in Chile, it presents a comprehensive account of swine influenza A virus diversity, covering 93.8% of the country's industrialized swine farms. The findings reveal eight distinct swine IAV genotypes, all carrying a complete internal gene cassette of pandemic H1N1 2009 origin, emphasizing potential increased replication and transmission fitness. Genetic divergence of H1N2 and H3N2 IAVs from globally reported strains raises alarms, with evidence suggesting introductions from human seasonal viruses since the mid-1980s. A detailed serological analysis underscores the zoonotic threat, indicating susceptibility in the general population to swine H3N2 and a lack of protective antibodies in vulnerable demographics. These data highlight the importance of continuous surveillance, providing crucial insights for global health organizations.
dc.format	Print-Electronic
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	American Society for Microbiology
dc.relation.ispartof	Microbiol Spectr
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1128/spectrum.02181-23
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject.classification	3107 Microbiology
dc.subject.mesh	Child
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Animals
dc.subject.mesh	Swine
dc.subject.mesh	Child, Preschool
dc.subject.mesh	Aged
dc.subject.mesh	Influenza A virus
dc.subject.mesh	Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype
dc.subject.mesh	Orthomyxoviridae Infections
dc.subject.mesh	Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype
dc.subject.mesh	Phylogeny
dc.subject.mesh	Chile
dc.subject.mesh	Reassortant Viruses
dc.subject.mesh	Swine Diseases
dc.subject.mesh	Influenza, Human
dc.subject.mesh	Animals
dc.subject.mesh	Swine
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Reassortant Viruses
dc.subject.mesh	Influenza A virus
dc.subject.mesh	Orthomyxoviridae Infections
dc.subject.mesh	Swine Diseases
dc.subject.mesh	Phylogeny
dc.subject.mesh	Aged
dc.subject.mesh	Child
dc.subject.mesh	Child, Preschool
dc.subject.mesh	Chile
dc.subject.mesh	Influenza, Human
dc.subject.mesh	Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype
dc.subject.mesh	Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype
dc.subject.mesh	Child
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Animals
dc.subject.mesh	Swine
dc.subject.mesh	Child, Preschool
dc.subject.mesh	Aged
dc.subject.mesh	Influenza A virus
dc.subject.mesh	Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype
dc.subject.mesh	Orthomyxoviridae Infections
dc.subject.mesh	Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype
dc.subject.mesh	Phylogeny
dc.subject.mesh	Chile
dc.subject.mesh	Reassortant Viruses
dc.subject.mesh	Swine Diseases
dc.subject.mesh	Influenza, Human
dc.title	Novel influenza A viruses in pigs with zoonotic potential, Chile.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	12
utslib.location.activity	United States
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.rights.license	This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.date.updated	2025-01-28T05:33:29Z
pubs.issue	4
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	12
utslib.citation.issue	4

Abstract:

Novel H1N2 and H3N2 swine influenza A viruses (IAVs) have recently been identified in Chile. The objective of this study was to evaluate their zoonotic potential. We perform phylogenetic analyses to determine the genetic origin and evolution of these viruses, and a serological analysis to determine the level of cross-protective antibodies in the human population. Eight genotypes were identified, all with pandemic H1N1 2009-like internal genes. H1N1 and H1N2 were the subtypes more commonly detected. Swine H1N2 and H3N2 IAVs had hemagglutinin and neuraminidase lineages genetically divergent from IAVs reported worldwide, including human vaccine strains. These genes originated from human seasonal viruses were introduced into the swine population since the mid-1980s. Serological data indicate that the general population is susceptible to the H3N2 virus and that elderly and young children also lack protective antibodies against the H1N2 strains, suggesting that these viruses could be potential zoonotic threats. Continuous IAV surveillance and monitoring of the swine and human populations is strongly recommended.IMPORTANCEIn the global context, where swine serve as crucial intermediate hosts for influenza A viruses (IAVs), this study addresses the pressing concern of the zoonotic potential of novel reassortant strains. Conducted on a large scale in Chile, it presents a comprehensive account of swine influenza A virus diversity, covering 93.8% of the country's industrialized swine farms. The findings reveal eight distinct swine IAV genotypes, all carrying a complete internal gene cassette of pandemic H1N1 2009 origin, emphasizing potential increased replication and transmission fitness. Genetic divergence of H1N2 and H3N2 IAVs from globally reported strains raises alarms, with evidence suggesting introductions from human seasonal viruses since the mid-1980s. A detailed serological analysis underscores the zoonotic threat, indicating susceptibility in the general population to swine H3N2 and a lack of protective antibodies in vulnerable demographics. These data highlight the importance of continuous surveillance, providing crucial insights for global health organizations.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/184341