Seroprevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus-specific antibodies in Australia following novel epidemic spread: protocol for a national cross-sectional study.

Winkler, NE; Koirala, A; Kaur, G; Prasad, S; Hirani, R; Baker, J; Hoad, V; Gosbell, IB; Irving, DO; Hueston, L; O'Sullivan, MV; Kok, J; Dwyer, DE; Macartney, K; Australian Japanese Encephalitis Virus Serosurvey Group,; Australian Japanese encephalitis virus serosurvey group,

Seroprevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus-specific antibodies in Australia following novel epidemic spread: protocol for a national cross-sectional study.

Winkler, NE Koirala, A Kaur, G Prasad, S Hirani, R Baker, J Hoad, V Gosbell, IB Irving, DO Hueston, L O'Sullivan, MV Kok, J Dwyer, DE Macartney, K Australian Japanese Encephalitis Virus Serosurvey Group, Australian Japanese encephalitis virus serosurvey group,

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Publisher:: BMJ
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: BMJ Open, 2024, 14, (2), pp. e075569
Issue Date:: 2024-02-07

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Winkler, NE
dc.contributor.author	Koirala, A
dc.contributor.author	Kaur, G
dc.contributor.author	Prasad, S
dc.contributor.author	Hirani, R
dc.contributor.author	Baker, J
dc.contributor.author	Hoad, V
dc.contributor.author	Gosbell, IB
dc.contributor.author	Irving, DO
dc.contributor.author	Hueston, L
dc.contributor.author	O'Sullivan, MV
dc.contributor.author	Kok, J
dc.contributor.author	Dwyer, DE
dc.contributor.author	Macartney, K
dc.contributor.author	Australian Japanese Encephalitis Virus Serosurvey Group,
dc.contributor.author	Australian Japanese encephalitis virus serosurvey group,
dc.date.accessioned	2025-01-28T05:34:13Z
dc.date.available	2023-11-08
dc.date.available	2025-01-28T05:34:13Z
dc.date.issued	2024-02-07
dc.identifier.citation	BMJ Open, 2024, 14, (2), pp. e075569
dc.identifier.issn	2044-6055
dc.identifier.issn	2044-6055
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/184344
dc.description.abstract	INTRODUCTION: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes encephalitis and other morbidity in Southeast Asia. Since February 2022, geographically dispersed JEV human, animal and vector detections occurred on the Australian mainland for the first time. This study will determine the prevalence of JEV-specific antibodies in human blood with a focus on populations at high risk of JEV exposure and determine risk factors associated with JEV seropositivity by location, age, occupation and other factors. METHOD: Samples are collected using two approaches: from routine blood donors (4153 samples), and active collections targeting high-risk populations (convenience sampling). Consent-based sampling for the latter includes a participant questionnaire on demographic, vaccination and exposure data. Samples are tested for JEV-specific total antibody using a defined epitope-blocking ELISA, and total antibody to Australian endemic flaviviruses Murray Valley encephalitis and Kunjin viruses. ANALYSIS: Two analytic approaches will occur: descriptive estimates of seroprevalence and multivariable logistic regression using Bayesian hierarchical models. Descriptive analyses will include unadjusted analysis of raw data with exclusions for JEV-endemic country of birth, travel to JEV-endemic countries, prior JEV-vaccination, and sex-standardised and age-standardised analyses. Multivariable logistic regression will determine which risk factors are associated with JEV seropositivity likely due to recent transmission within Australia and the relative contribution of each factor when accounting for effects within the model. ETHICS: National Mutual Acceptance ethical approval was obtained from the Sydney Children's Hospitals Network Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC). Local approvals were sought in each jurisdiction. Ethical approval was also obtained from the Australian Red Cross Lifeblood HREC. DISSEMINATION: Findings will be communicated to participants and their communities, and human and animal health stakeholders and policy-makers iteratively and after final analyses. Understanding human infection rates will inform procurement and targeted allocation of limited JEV vaccine, and public health strategies and communication campaigns, to at-risk populations.
dc.format	Electronic
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	BMJ
dc.relation.ispartof	BMJ Open
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1136/bmjopen-2023-075569
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	1103 Clinical Sciences, 1117 Public Health and Health Services, 1199 Other Medical and Health Sciences
dc.subject.classification	32 Biomedical and clinical sciences
dc.subject.classification	42 Health sciences
dc.subject.classification	52 Psychology
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Animals
dc.subject.mesh	Child
dc.subject.mesh	Encephalitis Virus, Japanese
dc.subject.mesh	Encephalitis, Japanese
dc.subject.mesh	Cross-Sectional Studies
dc.subject.mesh	Seroepidemiologic Studies
dc.subject.mesh	Bayes Theorem
dc.subject.mesh	Australia
dc.subject.mesh	Antibodies, Viral
dc.subject.mesh	Animals
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Encephalitis Virus, Japanese
dc.subject.mesh	Encephalitis, Japanese
dc.subject.mesh	Antibodies, Viral
dc.subject.mesh	Bayes Theorem
dc.subject.mesh	Cross-Sectional Studies
dc.subject.mesh	Seroepidemiologic Studies
dc.subject.mesh	Child
dc.subject.mesh	Australia
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Animals
dc.subject.mesh	Child
dc.subject.mesh	Encephalitis Virus, Japanese
dc.subject.mesh	Encephalitis, Japanese
dc.subject.mesh	Cross-Sectional Studies
dc.subject.mesh	Seroepidemiologic Studies
dc.subject.mesh	Bayes Theorem
dc.subject.mesh	Australia
dc.subject.mesh	Antibodies, Viral
dc.title	Seroprevalence of Japanese encephalitis virus-specific antibodies in Australia following novel epidemic spread: protocol for a national cross-sectional study.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	14
utslib.location.activity	England
utslib.for	1103 Clinical Sciences
utslib.for	1117 Public Health and Health Services
utslib.for	1199 Other Medical and Health Sciences
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.rights.license	This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC 4.0). To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/
dc.date.updated	2025-01-28T05:34:12Z
pubs.issue	2
pubs.publication-status	Published online
pubs.volume	14
utslib.citation.issue	2

Abstract:

INTRODUCTION: Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) is a mosquito-borne flavivirus that causes encephalitis and other morbidity in Southeast Asia. Since February 2022, geographically dispersed JEV human, animal and vector detections occurred on the Australian mainland for the first time. This study will determine the prevalence of JEV-specific antibodies in human blood with a focus on populations at high risk of JEV exposure and determine risk factors associated with JEV seropositivity by location, age, occupation and other factors. METHOD: Samples are collected using two approaches: from routine blood donors (4153 samples), and active collections targeting high-risk populations (convenience sampling). Consent-based sampling for the latter includes a participant questionnaire on demographic, vaccination and exposure data. Samples are tested for JEV-specific total antibody using a defined epitope-blocking ELISA, and total antibody to Australian endemic flaviviruses Murray Valley encephalitis and Kunjin viruses. ANALYSIS: Two analytic approaches will occur: descriptive estimates of seroprevalence and multivariable logistic regression using Bayesian hierarchical models. Descriptive analyses will include unadjusted analysis of raw data with exclusions for JEV-endemic country of birth, travel to JEV-endemic countries, prior JEV-vaccination, and sex-standardised and age-standardised analyses. Multivariable logistic regression will determine which risk factors are associated with JEV seropositivity likely due to recent transmission within Australia and the relative contribution of each factor when accounting for effects within the model. ETHICS: National Mutual Acceptance ethical approval was obtained from the Sydney Children's Hospitals Network Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC). Local approvals were sought in each jurisdiction. Ethical approval was also obtained from the Australian Red Cross Lifeblood HREC. DISSEMINATION: Findings will be communicated to participants and their communities, and human and animal health stakeholders and policy-makers iteratively and after final analyses. Understanding human infection rates will inform procurement and targeted allocation of limited JEV vaccine, and public health strategies and communication campaigns, to at-risk populations.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/184344