Effect of raw materials on the performance of 3D printing geopolymer: A review

Chen, K; Liu, Q; Chen, B; Zhang, S; Ferrara, L; Li, W

Effect of raw materials on the performance of 3D printing geopolymer: A review

Chen, K Liu, Q Chen, B Zhang, S Ferrara, L Li, W

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Publisher:: ELSEVIER
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Journal of Building Engineering, 2024, 84
Issue Date:: 2024-05-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Chen, K
dc.contributor.author	Liu, Q
dc.contributor.author	Chen, B
dc.contributor.author	Zhang, S
dc.contributor.author	Ferrara, L
dc.contributor.author	Li, W https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4651-1215
dc.date.accessioned	2025-03-17T09:55:35Z
dc.date.available	2025-03-17T09:55:35Z
dc.date.issued	2024-05-01
dc.identifier.citation	Journal of Building Engineering, 2024, 84
dc.identifier.issn	2352-7102
dc.identifier.issn	2352-7102
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/185939
dc.description.abstract	Traditional construction materials such as cement products release a significant amount of carbon dioxide during their preparation and usage, negatively impacting on the environment. In contrast, 3D printing (3DP) with geopolymer materials utilises renewable and low-carbon emission raw materials. It also exhibits characteristics such as energy efficiency and resource-efficient utilisation, contributing to reduction in carbon emissions and an improvement in sustainability. Therefore, the development of 3DP geopolymer holds great significance. This paper provides a comprehensive review of 3DP geopolymer systems, examining the effect of raw materials on processability, including flowability and thixotropy, and microstructure. The study also delves into sustainability and environmental impact. The evaluation highlights the crucial role of silicon, aluminium, and calcium content in the silicate raw material, influencing the gel structure and microstructural development of the geopolymer. Aluminium promotes reaction rate, increases reaction degree, and aids in product formation. Silicon enhances the mechanical properties of geopolymer, while calcium facilitates the formation and stability of the three-dimensional network structure, further improving material strength and stability. Moreover, the reactivity of raw materials is a key factor affecting interlayer bonding and interface mechanical properties. Finally, considering sustainability, the selection of raw materials is crucial in reducing carbon emissions, energy consumption, and costs. Compared to Portland cement, 3DP geopolymer material demonstrate lower carbon emissions, energy consumption, and costs, thus making it a sustainable material.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	ELSEVIER
dc.relation	http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/IH200100010
dc.relation	http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP220101051
dc.relation	http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP220100036
dc.relation	http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/FT220100177
dc.relation	http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/LP230100288
dc.relation.ispartof	Journal of Building Engineering
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.jobe.2024.108501
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	0905 Civil Engineering, 1201 Architecture, 1202 Building
dc.subject.classification	3302 Building
dc.subject.classification	4005 Civil engineering
dc.title	Effect of raw materials on the performance of 3D printing geopolymer: A review
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	84
utslib.for	0905 Civil Engineering
utslib.for	1201 Architecture
utslib.for	1202 Building
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/UTS Groups
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/UTS Groups/Centre for Built Infrastructure Resilience (CBIR)
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/UTS Groups/Centre for Green Technology (CGT)
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/UTS Groups/Centre for Green Technology (CGT)/Centre for Green Technology (CGT) Associate Members
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.rights.license	This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.date.updated	2025-03-17T09:55:23Z
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	84

Abstract:

Traditional construction materials such as cement products release a significant amount of carbon dioxide during their preparation and usage, negatively impacting on the environment. In contrast, 3D printing (3DP) with geopolymer materials utilises renewable and low-carbon emission raw materials. It also exhibits characteristics such as energy efficiency and resource-efficient utilisation, contributing to reduction in carbon emissions and an improvement in sustainability. Therefore, the development of 3DP geopolymer holds great significance. This paper provides a comprehensive review of 3DP geopolymer systems, examining the effect of raw materials on processability, including flowability and thixotropy, and microstructure. The study also delves into sustainability and environmental impact. The evaluation highlights the crucial role of silicon, aluminium, and calcium content in the silicate raw material, influencing the gel structure and microstructural development of the geopolymer. Aluminium promotes reaction rate, increases reaction degree, and aids in product formation. Silicon enhances the mechanical properties of geopolymer, while calcium facilitates the formation and stability of the three-dimensional network structure, further improving material strength and stability. Moreover, the reactivity of raw materials is a key factor affecting interlayer bonding and interface mechanical properties. Finally, considering sustainability, the selection of raw materials is crucial in reducing carbon emissions, energy consumption, and costs. Compared to Portland cement, 3DP geopolymer material demonstrate lower carbon emissions, energy consumption, and costs, thus making it a sustainable material.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/185939