Intersecting SARS-CoV-2 spike mutations and global vaccine efficacy against COVID-19.

Tokhanbigli, S; Salami Ghaleh, S; Rahimian, K; Mahmanzar, M; Bayat, S; Ahangarzadeh, S; Moradi, B; Mahmanzar, R; Wang, Y; Oliver, BGG; Deng, Y

Intersecting SARS-CoV-2 spike mutations and global vaccine efficacy against COVID-19.

Tokhanbigli, S Salami Ghaleh, S Rahimian, K Mahmanzar, M Bayat, S Ahangarzadeh, S Moradi, B Mahmanzar, R Wang, Y Oliver, BGG Deng, Y

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Publisher:: FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Front Immunol, 2025, 16, pp. 1435873
Issue Date:: 2025

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Tokhanbigli, S
dc.contributor.author	Salami Ghaleh, S
dc.contributor.author	Rahimian, K
dc.contributor.author	Mahmanzar, M
dc.contributor.author	Bayat, S
dc.contributor.author	Ahangarzadeh, S
dc.contributor.author	Moradi, B
dc.contributor.author	Mahmanzar, R
dc.contributor.author	Wang, Y
dc.contributor.author	Oliver, BGG
dc.contributor.author	Deng, Y
dc.date.accessioned	2026-01-14T03:27:28Z
dc.date.available	2025-02-12
dc.date.available	2026-01-14T03:27:28Z
dc.date.issued	2025
dc.identifier.citation	Front Immunol, 2025, 16, pp. 1435873
dc.identifier.issn	1664-3224
dc.identifier.issn	1664-3224
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/191799
dc.description.abstract	In line with encountering the world with the emergence of vaccine-resistance variants of SARS-CoV-2, 15,669,529 samples that received COVID-19 vaccines until April 2023 were investigated as two doses in the first phase and booster vaccinations in the second phase. The analysis shows that D614G and P681 mutations occurred in both phases. The E484 and Y655 mutations significantly emerged during the second phase. The 762-889 and 254-381 regions are revealed as conserved parts and could be considered in vaccine design. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a significant reduction in single mutations between populations with 20%-50% and those with 70%-100% vaccination coverage (p=0.017). The Mann-Whitney U test proposes a link between vaccination and suppression of viral mutation rates. Dynamic modeling suggests that key mutations have facilitated the virus' evolution and immune escape. The study's findings are crucial for understanding virus genome mutations, especially E614 and P681 in Delta and E484 and H655 in Omicron. This highlights the need to adjust strategies and strengthen global efforts in combating the pandemic.
dc.format	Electronic-eCollection
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
dc.relation.ispartof	Front Immunol
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.3389/fimmu.2025.1435873
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	1107 Immunology, 1108 Medical Microbiology
dc.subject.classification	3101 Biochemistry and cell biology
dc.subject.classification	3105 Genetics
dc.subject.classification	3204 Immunology
dc.subject.mesh	SARS-CoV-2
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	COVID-19
dc.subject.mesh	COVID-19 Vaccines
dc.subject.mesh	Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
dc.subject.mesh	Mutation
dc.subject.mesh	Vaccine Efficacy
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Mutation
dc.subject.mesh	Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
dc.subject.mesh	COVID-19
dc.subject.mesh	SARS-CoV-2
dc.subject.mesh	COVID-19 Vaccines
dc.subject.mesh	Vaccine Efficacy
dc.subject.mesh	SARS-CoV-2
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	COVID-19
dc.subject.mesh	COVID-19 Vaccines
dc.subject.mesh	Spike Glycoprotein, Coronavirus
dc.subject.mesh	Mutation
dc.subject.mesh	Vaccine Efficacy
dc.title	Intersecting SARS-CoV-2 spike mutations and global vaccine efficacy against COVID-19.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	16
utslib.location.activity	Switzerland
utslib.for	1107 Immunology
utslib.for	1108 Medical Microbiology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science/School of Life Sciences
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/UTS Groups
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/UTS Groups/Centre for Health Technologies (CHT)
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.rights.license	This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.date.updated	2026-01-14T03:27:25Z
pubs.publication-status	Published online
pubs.volume	16

Abstract:

In line with encountering the world with the emergence of vaccine-resistance variants of SARS-CoV-2, 15,669,529 samples that received COVID-19 vaccines until April 2023 were investigated as two doses in the first phase and booster vaccinations in the second phase. The analysis shows that D614G and P681 mutations occurred in both phases. The E484 and Y655 mutations significantly emerged during the second phase. The 762-889 and 254-381 regions are revealed as conserved parts and could be considered in vaccine design. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed a significant reduction in single mutations between populations with 20%-50% and those with 70%-100% vaccination coverage (p=0.017). The Mann-Whitney U test proposes a link between vaccination and suppression of viral mutation rates. Dynamic modeling suggests that key mutations have facilitated the virus' evolution and immune escape. The study's findings are crucial for understanding virus genome mutations, especially E614 and P681 in Delta and E484 and H655 in Omicron. This highlights the need to adjust strategies and strengthen global efforts in combating the pandemic.

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:

http://hdl.handle.net/10453/191799