CD4+ differentiated T regulatory cells is modified by physical fitness and visceral adipose tissue in young adults—A cross‐sectional study

Padilha, CS; Olean‐Oliveira, T; Figueiredo, C; Dos Santos, VR; Dorneles, GP; Ribeiro, JPJ; Deminice, R; Krüger, K; Rosa‐Neto, JC; Lira, FS

CD4+ differentiated T regulatory cells is modified by physical fitness and visceral adipose tissue in young adults—A cross‐sectional study

Padilha, CS Olean‐Oliveira, T Figueiredo, C Dos Santos, VR Dorneles, GP Ribeiro, JPJ Deminice, R Krüger, K Rosa‐Neto, JC Lira, FS

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Publisher:: Wiley
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Physiological Reports, 2025, 13, (16), pp. e70470
Issue Date:: 2025-08

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Padilha, CS
dc.contributor.author	Olean‐Oliveira, T
dc.contributor.author	Figueiredo, C
dc.contributor.author	Dos Santos, VR
dc.contributor.author	Dorneles, GP
dc.contributor.author	Ribeiro, JPJ
dc.contributor.author	Deminice, R
dc.contributor.author	Krüger, K
dc.contributor.author	Rosa‐Neto, JC
dc.contributor.author	Lira, FS
dc.date.accessioned	2026-05-19T04:42:49Z
dc.date.available	2025-07-10
dc.date.available	2026-05-19T04:42:49Z
dc.date.issued	2025-08
dc.identifier.citation	Physiological Reports, 2025, 13, (16), pp. e70470
dc.identifier.issn	2051-817X
dc.identifier.issn	2051-817X
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/195060
dc.description.abstract	Central adiposity and poor cardiorespiratory fitness are modifiable risk factors for various diseases. This study investigated their impact on CD4 sup + /sup differentiated T regulatory (Treg) cell responses. Thirty-eight young adults were classified into high cardiorespiratory fitness/low visceral adipose tissue (High V O sub 2 /sub -Low VAT, n 20) and low cardiorespiratory fitness/high VAT (Low V O sub 2 /sub -High VAT, n 18). Body composition was assessed using DXA and ultrasound, while cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity were measured via treadmill testing and accelerometry. CD4 sup + /sup cells were cultured in Treg differentiation medium with 2 ng/mL TGF- , with or without 100 nM rapamycin or 50 nM Torin-1, for 96 h. Differentiated Treg from Low V O sub 2 /sub -High VAT participants exhibited no significant changes in IL-10 or IL-6 production with rapamycin or Torin-1. Conversely, differentiated Treg from High V O sub 2 /sub -Low VAT participants showed significantly lower IL-10 production with rapamycin (p andlt 0.001, adjusted p andlt 0.001) and Torin-1 (p andlt 0.001, adjusted p andlt 0.001). These findings indicate that low cardiorespiratory fitness and high VAT contribute to an altered inflammatory response, influencing peripheral blood mononuclear cell immunophenotypes and exhaustion markers. Furthermore, mTORC1 and mTORC2 inhibition modulate cytokine production, emphasizing the role of metabolic status in immune regulation.
dc.format	Print
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	Wiley
dc.relation.ispartof	Physiological Reports
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.14814/phy2.70470
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	0606 Physiology, 1103 Clinical Sciences, 1116 Medical Physiology
dc.subject.classification	3208 Medical physiology
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Male
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Intra-Abdominal Fat
dc.subject.mesh	T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
dc.subject.mesh	Young Adult
dc.subject.mesh	Adult
dc.subject.mesh	Cross-Sectional Studies
dc.subject.mesh	Cell Differentiation
dc.subject.mesh	Cardiorespiratory Fitness
dc.subject.mesh	Physical Fitness
dc.subject.mesh	Interleukin-10
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Interleukin-10
dc.subject.mesh	Cross-Sectional Studies
dc.subject.mesh	Cell Differentiation
dc.subject.mesh	Physical Fitness
dc.subject.mesh	Adult
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Male
dc.subject.mesh	Intra-Abdominal Fat
dc.subject.mesh	T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
dc.subject.mesh	Young Adult
dc.subject.mesh	Cardiorespiratory Fitness
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Male
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Intra-Abdominal Fat
dc.subject.mesh	T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory
dc.subject.mesh	Young Adult
dc.subject.mesh	Adult
dc.subject.mesh	Cross-Sectional Studies
dc.subject.mesh	Cell Differentiation
dc.subject.mesh	Cardiorespiratory Fitness
dc.subject.mesh	Physical Fitness
dc.subject.mesh	Interleukin-10
dc.title	CD4+ differentiated T regulatory cells is modified by physical fitness and visceral adipose tissue in young adults—A cross‐sectional study
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	13
utslib.location.activity	United States
utslib.for	0606 Physiology
utslib.for	1103 Clinical Sciences
utslib.for	1116 Medical Physiology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
pubs.consider-herdc	true
dc.rights.license	This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0). To view a copy of this license, visit https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.date.updated	2026-05-19T04:42:47Z
pubs.issue	16
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	13
utslib.citation.issue	16

Abstract:

Central adiposity and poor cardiorespiratory fitness are modifiable risk factors for various diseases. This study investigated their impact on CD4 sup + /sup differentiated T regulatory (Treg) cell responses. Thirty-eight young adults were classified into high cardiorespiratory fitness/low visceral adipose tissue (High V O sub 2 /sub -Low VAT, n 20) and low cardiorespiratory fitness/high VAT (Low V O sub 2 /sub -High VAT, n 18). Body composition was assessed using DXA and ultrasound, while cardiorespiratory fitness and physical activity were measured via treadmill testing and accelerometry. CD4 sup + /sup cells were cultured in Treg differentiation medium with 2 ng/mL TGF- , with or without 100 nM rapamycin or 50 nM Torin-1, for 96 h. Differentiated Treg from Low V O sub 2 /sub -High VAT participants exhibited no significant changes in IL-10 or IL-6 production with rapamycin or Torin-1. Conversely, differentiated Treg from High V O sub 2 /sub -Low VAT participants showed significantly lower IL-10 production with rapamycin (p andlt 0.001, adjusted p andlt 0.001) and Torin-1 (p andlt 0.001, adjusted p andlt 0.001). These findings indicate that low cardiorespiratory fitness and high VAT contribute to an altered inflammatory response, influencing peripheral blood mononuclear cell immunophenotypes and exhaustion markers. Furthermore, mTORC1 and mTORC2 inhibition modulate cytokine production, emphasizing the role of metabolic status in immune regulation.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/195060