The Limits of Autocratic Collaboration in Stabilizing Spheres of Influence: Legitimacy in the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor

Publisher:
Oxford University Press (OUP)
Publication Type:
Journal Article
Citation:
Global Studies Quarterly, 2026, 6, (2)
Issue Date:
2026-03-17
Full metadata record
Abstract How can powerful autocracies construct stable regional spheres of influence in which subordinate regimes remain politically secure? Existing scholarship focuses on Russia’s often unsuccessful military intervention in its “near abroad,” paying less attention to China’s strategy of economic statecraft. This article theorizes the construction of spheres of influence as politico-spatial ordering that requires not only resource transfers from patrons but also domestic legitimation in client regimes. Examining the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) as a case of autocratic collaboration, the article argues that CPEC has failed to enhance regime stability in Pakistan. While bringing infrastructure to the host country, CPEC has generated a grave macro-economic crisis in Pakistan that has forced its government to seek bailouts from the International Monetary Fund. In a political context where chronic financial dependence on the IMF carries humiliating stigma of holding a “begging bowl,” these bailout-seeking and the implementation of unpopular austerity measures have eroded the Pakistani government’s performance-based legitimacy, intensifying political vulnerability. The case suggests that economic statecraft-based autocratic collaboration alone is insufficient for crafting a stable sphere of influence. To succeed, autocratic collaboration must serve to strengthen the legitimacy of subordinate regimes. By connecting autocratic collaboration to autocratic legitimation in the context of theorizing construction of durable spheres of influence by autocratic powers, this study highlights the need for integrated studies of autocratic regime stability and autocratic power projection in the Global South.
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