Birth dirt : relations of power in childbirth
- Publication Type:
- Thesis
- Issue Date:
- 2002
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This thesis presents the findings of a doctoral study which analysed video tapes of labouring
Australian women at the end of the 20th century, historical data from midwifery and medical
textbooks, consumer material, and personal experience as a midwifery student in 1970-1971. The data analysis was achieved using discourse analysis, but was influenced by
Michel Foucault together with anthropological and sociological approaches, particularly as
these can be applied to visual material.
‘Dirt’ is a commonly accepted term, but it becomes difficult to define as it is so dependant
on the context. Since the discovery of the germ theory in the 19th century, however, it is
difficult for western health professionals to conceive of dirt as being anything but
unaesthetic, unhygienic and pathogenic. When analysing the data from this study, it
became evident that birth and dirt have a close association. The changes that have occurred
in childbirth have revolved around who and what is perceived as clean, and who and what
is perceived as dirty. This thesis argues that ‘birth dirt’ exists, but, its form will vary
depending on the time, the place, and the culture, although it is always centred around the
physical reality of birth.
Video tapes of the birthing process indicate that midwives, in their ritualised behaviours
of containing, controlling and cleaning up the ‘dirt’ associated with birth, create a barrier
between themselves and the women. ‘Dirt’ in this instance is the ‘contaminating’ body
fluids and substances derived from the woman and her baby. The dirt relationship is a
power relationship and the midwife is an essential part of its structure. The midwife is the
dirty worker who maintains the cleanliness of the environment and controls the ‘dirt’ during
birth. There is considerable rhetoric about midwives as being ‘with woman’, but the reality
is that the midwives are more often ‘with dirt’.
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