Evaluating the role and impact of forensic DNA profiling on key areas of the criminal justice system
- Publication Type:
- Thesis
- Issue Date:
- 2009
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The advent of the modem technique of forensic DNA profiling has resulted in a
lively union between one of the more advanced and dynamic disciplines of modern
science and what is, arguably, society's most revered, influential and complex institution,
the criminal justice system (CJS). The alliance, begun over 20 years ago, has been
fruitful in obvious ways. There has been profound technological advancement, and
astonishing policing outcomes. But the years have also brought strains, evidenced in the
on-going, and sometimes bitter, socio-legal controversy.
The sheer pace of the developments surrounding DNA profiling, and the scope of its
impact, have meant that the forensic and legal agencies associated with its use have often
been able to do little more than fight a rearguard action when it came to handling the
pressures and complexities they faced. This has been particularly the case since the use
of forensic DNA databases began expanding so notably around the globe.
Managing the demand for the forensic technology, and its remarkable potential has
required an unprecedented commitment of public funds. Both forensic and police
operational practices have had to be modified. And very close attention has been called
for on the part of judicial and legislative bodies in states and countries everywhere.
Given the circumstances in which this substantial progress has occurred, the capacity of
the forensic community to undertake reasoned strategic assessment of the future
implications of change has been severely restricted. In fact, there has been a lack of
reflection, and far too little evaluation of the outcomes of developmental efforts and
achievements. The focus of the forensic community has been consumed with meeting the
immediate demands and implementing the next generation of technology.
No matter how understandable it might be, this situation is unfortunate. Over recent
years the field of forensic DNA profiling has matured from being an obscure, niche
discipline to become a mainstream, public-good science. The technological platform for it
and its operational scope have both broadened notably; and the socio-legal ramifications
of its use have intensified.
This vast increase in the scale and complexity of the operational context of the
forensic DNA discipline makes it imperative that the forensic community understand its
role in a more holistic sense so as to have a greater level of influence over its future
impact. Achieving this requires developing a deeper awareness of the contextual
environment within which forensic DNA profiling is applied. This research sets out to
undertake such an evaluation. Its aim is to take a system-wide view of the role and impact
of forensic DNA profiling on key areas of the CJS.
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