Sensorless variable speed drive for permanent magnet motors

Yan, Ying

Sensorless variable speed drive for permanent magnet motors

Yan, Ying

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Publication Type:: Thesis
Issue Date:: 2007

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Yan, Ying
dc.date.accessioned	2016-11-08T04:07:30Z
dc.date.available	2016-11-08T04:07:30Z
dc.date.issued	2007
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/60414
dc.description	University of Technology, Sydney. Faculty of Engineering.	en_AU
dc.description	NO FULL TEXT AVAILABLE. Access is restricted indefinitely. The hardcopy may be available for consultation at the UTS Library.
dc.description.abstract	NO FULL TEXT AVAILABLE. Access is restricted indefinitely. ----- With the rapid development of power electronics and microprocessor control techniques, various advanced drive schemes, such as brushless DC (BLDC), vector control (VC), and direct torque control (DTC), for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have been developed and extensively employed in drive systems of both industrial equipment · and domestic appliances because of the high power density, high torque to current ratio, and high power factor. In these drive schemes, the position of the rotor magnetic flux is required in order to' apply the stator flux vector for maximum torque. The conventional drive systems use mechanical position sensors to acquire the rotor position. In recent years, the sensorless control of PMSMs has attracted a great attention in order to eliminate the disadvantages of using mechanical position sensors, such as the increase of hardware complexity, cost and reduction of reliability. Among these advanced drive schemes, the recently developed DTC scheme features in simple control algorithm and excellent dynamic performance. The DTC algorithm detects the position and speed of the rotor magnetic flux from the electromotive force (emf). This method works well at medium and high speeds. When the rotor rotates at a low speed or is stationary, this method fails because of the insufficient or zero emf signal. In order to start the DTC drive system for PMSMs under load, it is essential to know the accurate initial rotor position. Most of the approaches to detect the initial rotor position make use of the structural and/or magnetic saturation saliencies, and therefore, they are sufficiently effective for a motor with large structural saliency, for example, the interior PMSM (IPMSM). However, in a surface mounted PMSM (SPMSM), to detect the initial rotor positions is a great challenge due to the very small structural saliency of the rotor. This project aims to develop a high performance sensorless variable speed drive for SPMSMs. This thesis includes two major parts: (I) modelling of the PMSMs with structural and saturation saliencies, and identification of the nonlinear parameters taking into account the saliencies, and (2) development of schemes to estimate the initial rotor position without additional hardware for off the shelf SPMSMs with inherently small saliencies compared with those of IPMSMs. Due to the lack of a PMSM model that incorporates both structural and saturation saliencies, the researchers in this field have been using the experimental trial and error method in developing techniques for detecting the initial rotor position, which is inefficient. In this thesis, a novel nonlinear model of PMSM incorporating both structural and saturation saliencies has been developed and employed in the development of new initial rotor position estimation techniques by numerical trial and errors. The method for measuring the model parameters, e.g. the nonlinear inductances, is presented. The validity of the model is confirmed by comparing the dynamic simulation results based on the proposed model with those based on the model in the Matlab/Simulink library. With the proposed model and the measured parameters, several initial rotor position estimation schemes especially for the SPMSM have been numerically simulated. In order to confirm the effectiveness of these schemes, experiments have been carried out to estimate the initial rotor position by applying various types of voltage pulses to a test SPMSM. It is found that the peak stator currents corresponding to the high voltage pulses are strong enough to produce reasonably large magnetic saturation saliency for identifying the rotor position and polarity of the SPMSM at standstill. A simple numerical algorithm for implementing the high voltage pulse method is proposed. By analysing the factors related to the current response of the voltage pulses, the method with the high voltage pulses to amplify the saturation saliencies is refined. Based on the refined corresponding peak currents, another initial rotor position estimation algorithm is investigated. The validity and accuracy of both the schemes are confirmed by experimental results. Also based on the proposed model, the performance of a conventional DTC scheme is analysed by simulation and experiment. Finally, the presented initial rotor position identification strategy has been implemented in a sensorless DTC drive for the SPMSM. Experiments are conducted to confirm the improved performance of the sensorless PMSM drive and the accurate estimation of initial rotor position.	en_AU
dc.format	Thesis (PhD)
dc.language.iso	en_AU	en_AU
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.rights	The author owns the copyright in this thesis including all reproduction and reuse rights for the work. The work may not be altered without the permission of the copyright owner. Attribution is essential when quoting or paraphrasing from this thesis.
dc.title	Sensorless variable speed drive for permanent magnet motors	en_AU
dc.type	Thesis	en_AU
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access

Abstract:

NO FULL TEXT AVAILABLE. Access is restricted indefinitely. ----- With the rapid development of power electronics and microprocessor control techniques, various advanced drive schemes, such as brushless DC (BLDC), vector control (VC), and direct torque control (DTC), for permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) have been developed and extensively employed in drive systems of both industrial equipment · and domestic appliances because of the high power density, high torque to current ratio, and high power factor. In these drive schemes, the position of the rotor magnetic flux is required in order to' apply the stator flux vector for maximum torque. The conventional drive systems use mechanical position sensors to acquire the rotor position. In recent years, the sensorless control of PMSMs has attracted a great attention in order to eliminate the disadvantages of using mechanical position sensors, such as the increase of hardware complexity, cost and reduction of reliability. Among these advanced drive schemes, the recently developed DTC scheme features in simple control algorithm and excellent dynamic performance. The DTC algorithm detects the position and speed of the rotor magnetic flux from the electromotive force (emf). This method works well at medium and high speeds. When the rotor rotates at a low speed or is stationary, this method fails because of the insufficient or zero emf signal. In order to start the DTC drive system for PMSMs under load, it is essential to know the accurate initial rotor position. Most of the approaches to detect the initial rotor position make use of the structural and/or magnetic saturation saliencies, and therefore, they are sufficiently effective for a motor with large structural saliency, for example, the interior PMSM (IPMSM). However, in a surface mounted PMSM (SPMSM), to detect the initial rotor positions is a great challenge due to the very small structural saliency of the rotor. This project aims to develop a high performance sensorless variable speed drive for SPMSMs. This thesis includes two major parts: (I) modelling of the PMSMs with structural and saturation saliencies, and identification of the nonlinear parameters taking into account the saliencies, and (2) development of schemes to estimate the initial rotor position without additional hardware for off the shelf SPMSMs with inherently small saliencies compared with those of IPMSMs. Due to the lack of a PMSM model that incorporates both structural and saturation saliencies, the researchers in this field have been using the experimental trial and error method in developing techniques for detecting the initial rotor position, which is inefficient. In this thesis, a novel nonlinear model of PMSM incorporating both structural and saturation saliencies has been developed and employed in the development of new initial rotor position estimation techniques by numerical trial and errors. The method for measuring the model parameters, e.g. the nonlinear inductances, is presented. The validity of the model is confirmed by comparing the dynamic simulation results based on the proposed model with those based on the model in the Matlab/Simulink library. With the proposed model and the measured parameters, several initial rotor position estimation schemes especially for the SPMSM have been numerically simulated. In order to confirm the effectiveness of these schemes, experiments have been carried out to estimate the initial rotor position by applying various types of voltage pulses to a test SPMSM. It is found that the peak stator currents corresponding to the high voltage pulses are strong enough to produce reasonably large magnetic saturation saliency for identifying the rotor position and polarity of the SPMSM at standstill. A simple numerical algorithm for implementing the high voltage pulse method is proposed. By analysing the factors related to the current response of the voltage pulses, the method with the high voltage pulses to amplify the saturation saliencies is refined. Based on the refined corresponding peak currents, another initial rotor position estimation algorithm is investigated. The validity and accuracy of both the schemes are confirmed by experimental results. Also based on the proposed model, the performance of a conventional DTC scheme is analysed by simulation and experiment. Finally, the presented initial rotor position identification strategy has been implemented in a sensorless DTC drive for the SPMSM. Experiments are conducted to confirm the improved performance of the sensorless PMSM drive and the accurate estimation of initial rotor position.

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