Water quality and toxicity assessment of streams flowing from the Wakehurst Golf Course and surrounds
- Publication Type:
- Thesis
- Issue Date:
- 2007
Closed Access
Filename | Description | Size | |||
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01Front.pdf | contents and abstract | 865.35 kB | |||
02Whole.pdf | thesis | 11.05 MB |
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NO FULL TEXT AVAILABLE. Access is restricted indefinitely. ----- Concern regarding the presence of nutrients and chemicals in surface waters draining
golf courses has substantially increased over the last few decades. The use of nutrients
and chemicals on golf courses for turfgrass maintenance is intensive and
contamination of nearby surface waters is likely. Wakehurst Golf Course has come
under criticism in the past about its impact on the nutrient enrichment of Manly Dam.
Using a suite of physico-chemical, nutrient and toxicological methods, the water
quality and toxicological impacts of Wakehurst Golf Course on receiving waters were
investigated.
Streams draining Wakehurst Golf Course had increased physico-chemical levels (pH,
conductivity, dissolved oxygen) and nutrient concentrations (PO₄³⁻, NOₓ) that exceed
the default ANZECC/ARMCANZ water quality guidelines. Waters draining the
course were not toxic to the green alga, Pseudokirchneriella subcapitatam, the
cladoceran Ceriodaphnia cf. dubia, the shrimp Paratya australiensis and the rainbow
fish Melanotaenia splendida splendida. However, the algal bioassay results indicated
a stimulation of algal growth in waters draining the golf course and thus a potential
for eutrophication problems to occur.
Physico-chemical and nutrient concentrations from reference and above course sites
also exceeded the default ANZECC/ARMANZ guidelines. Consequently, a set of
revised, site-specific guidelines was derived. These revised guidelines were reapplied
to the golf course sites; however, physico-chemical and nutrient
concentrations in the streams still exceeded these guidelines. Therefore, management
practices at Wakehurst Golf Course should focus on reducing nutrient concentrations
through best management practices such as reducing fertilizer application rates and
maintaining and developing vegetated filter strips and wetlands.
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