Algal evolution in relation to atmospheric CO<inf>2</inf>: Carboxylases, carbon-concentrating mechanisms and carbon oxidation cycles

Raven, JA; Giordano, M; Beardall, J; Maberly, SC

Algal evolution in relation to atmospheric CO<inf>2</inf>: Carboxylases, carbon-concentrating mechanisms and carbon oxidation cycles

Raven, JA

Giordano, M Beardall, J Maberly, SC

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Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2012, 367 (1588), pp. 493 - 507
Issue Date:: 2012-01-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Raven, JA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2789-3297	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Giordano, M	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Beardall, J	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Maberly, SC	en_US
dc.date.issued	2012-01-01	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, 2012, 367 (1588), pp. 493 - 507	en_US
dc.identifier.issn	0962-8436	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/114241
dc.description.abstract	Oxygenic photosynthesis evolved at least 2.4 Ga; all oxygenic organisms use the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco)-photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle (PCRC) rather than one of the five other known pathways of autotrophic CO2 assimilation. The high CO2 and (initially) O2-free conditions permitted the use of a Rubisco with a high maximum specific reaction rate. As CO2 decreased and O2 increased, Rubisco oxygenase activity increased and 2-phosphoglycolate was produced, with the evolution of pathways recycling this inhibitory product to sugar phosphates. Changed atmospheric composition also selected for Rubiscos with higher CO2 affinity and CO2/O2 selectivity correlated with decreased CO2-saturated catalytic capacity and/or for CO2-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs). These changes increase the energy, nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, zinc and manganese cost of producing and operating Rubisco-PCRC, while biosphere oxygenation decreased the availability of nitrogen, phosphorus and iron. The majority of algae today have CCMs; the timing of their origins is unclear. If CCMs evolved in a low-CO2 episode followed by one or more lengthy high-CO2 episodes, CCM retention could involve a combination of environmental factors known to favour CCM retention in extant organisms that also occur in a warmer high-CO2 ocean. More investigations, including studies of genetic adaptation, are needed. © 2012 The Royal Society.	en_US
dc.relation.ispartof	Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences	en_US
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1098/rstb.2011.0212	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Evolutionary Biology	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Cyanobacteria	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Carbon Dioxide	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Carbon	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Nitrogen	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Glycolates	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Ribulose-Bisphosphate Carboxylase	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Oxygenases	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Atmosphere	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Photosynthesis	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Diffusion	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Enzyme Activation	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Oxidation-Reduction	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Autotrophic Processes	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Biological Evolution	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Carbon Cycle	en_US
dc.title	Algal evolution in relation to atmospheric CO<inf>2</inf>: Carboxylases, carbon-concentrating mechanisms and carbon oxidation cycles	en_US
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	1588	en_US
utslib.citation.volume	367	en_US
utslib.for	06 Biological Sciences	en_US
utslib.for	11 Medical and Health Sciences	en_US
pubs.embargo.period	Not known	en_US
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access
pubs.issue	1588	en_US
pubs.publication-status	Published	en_US
pubs.volume	367	en_US

Abstract:

Oxygenic photosynthesis evolved at least 2.4 Ga; all oxygenic organisms use the ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase (Rubisco)-photosynthetic carbon reduction cycle (PCRC) rather than one of the five other known pathways of autotrophic CO2 assimilation. The high CO2 and (initially) O2-free conditions permitted the use of a Rubisco with a high maximum specific reaction rate. As CO2 decreased and O2 increased, Rubisco oxygenase activity increased and 2-phosphoglycolate was produced, with the evolution of pathways recycling this inhibitory product to sugar phosphates. Changed atmospheric composition also selected for Rubiscos with higher CO2 affinity and CO2/O2 selectivity correlated with decreased CO2-saturated catalytic capacity and/or for CO2-concentrating mechanisms (CCMs). These changes increase the energy, nitrogen, phosphorus, iron, zinc and manganese cost of producing and operating Rubisco-PCRC, while biosphere oxygenation decreased the availability of nitrogen, phosphorus and iron. The majority of algae today have CCMs; the timing of their origins is unclear. If CCMs evolved in a low-CO2 episode followed by one or more lengthy high-CO2 episodes, CCM retention could involve a combination of environmental factors known to favour CCM retention in extant organisms that also occur in a warmer high-CO2 ocean. More investigations, including studies of genetic adaptation, are needed. © 2012 The Royal Society.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/114241