Corticosteroids and β<inf>2</inf>-agonists upregulate mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase 1: In vitro mechanisms
- Publication Type:
- Journal Article
- Citation:
- British Journal of Pharmacology, 2012, 166 (7), pp. 2049 - 2059
- Issue Date:
- 2012-08-01
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| bph0166-2049.pdf | Published Version | 1.08 MB |
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BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Airway remodelling is a consequence of long-term inflammation and MAPKs are key signalling molecules that drive pro-inflammatory pathways. The endogenous MAPK deactivator - MAPK phosphatase 1 (MKP-1) - is a critical negative regulator of the myriad pro-inflammatory pathways activated by MAPKs in the airway. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Herein we investigated the molecular mechanisms responsible for the upregulation of MKP-1 in airway smooth muscle (ASM) by the corticosteroid dexamethasone and the β2-agonist formoterol, added alone and in combination. KEY RESULTS MKP-1 is a corticosteroid-inducible gene whose expression is enhanced by long-acting β2-agonists in an additive manner. Formoterol induced MKP-1 expression via the β2-adrenoceptor and we provide the first direct evidence (utilizing overexpression of PKIα, a highly selective PKA inhibitor) to show that PKA mediates β2-agonist-induced MKP-1 upregulation. Dexamethasone activated MKP-1 transcription in ASM cells via a cis-acting corticosteroid-responsive region located between -1380 and -1266 bp of the MKP-1 promoter. While the 3'-untranslated region of MKP-1 contains adenylate + uridylate elements responsible for regulation at the post-transcriptional level, actinomycin D chase experiments revealed that there was no increase in MKP-1 mRNA stability in the presence of dexamethasone, formoterol, alone or in combination. Rather, there was an additive effect of the asthma therapeutics on MKP-1 transcription. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Taken together, these studies allow us a greater understanding of the molecular basis of MKP-1 regulation by corticosteroids and β2-agonists and this new knowledge may lead to elucidation of optimized corticosteroid-sparing therapies in the future. © 2012 The British Pharmacological Society.
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