Sonochemical nanoplungers: Crystalline gold nanowires by cavitational extrusion through nanoporous alumina

Abstract

Rapid, simple, catalyst-free, room-temperature sonochemical fabrication of long (up to 30 μm), ultra-thin (about 20 nm), crystalline gold nanowires on nanoporous anodic alumina membranes is reported. It is demonstrated that the nanowires nucleate and grow inside the nanosized pores and then form a dense network on the bottom side of the membrane. A growth mechanism is proposed based on the formation of through channels in the Al<inf>2</inf>O<inf>3</inf> membrane by sonochemical etching, followed by nanowire nucleation in the channels and their further extrusion out of the pores by acoustic cavitation. This process can be used for the fabrication of metal nanowires with highly controllable diameter and density, suitable for numerous applications such as nanoelectronic, nanofluidic, and optoelectronic components and devices. © The Royal Society of Chemistry.