The dynamic face of respiratory research: Understanding the effect of airway disease on a lung in constant motion

Chapman, DG; Brown, NJ; Salome, CM

The dynamic face of respiratory research: Understanding the effect of airway disease on a lung in constant motion

Chapman, DG

Brown, NJ Salome, CM

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Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2011, 24 (5), pp. 505 - 512
Issue Date:: 2011-10-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Chapman, DG https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8211-1817	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Brown, NJ	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Salome, CM	en_US
dc.date.available	2011-03-25	en_US
dc.date.issued	2011-10-01	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 2011, 24 (5), pp. 505 - 512	en_US
dc.identifier.issn	1094-5539	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/116727
dc.description.abstract	The lungs are in a constant state of motion. The dynamic nature of tidal breathing, whereby cycles of pressure changes across the lungs cause the chest wall, lung tissue and airways to repeatedly expand and contract, ventilates the lung tissue and allows respiration to occur. However, these regular cycles of tidal inspirations and expirations are punctuated by breaths of differing volumes, most particularly periodic deep inspirations. In normal, healthy subjects, these deep inspirations have a dual effect in reducing airway responsiveness. Firstly, deep inspirations taken under baseline conditions protect the airways against subsequent bronchoconstriction, termed DI bronchoprotection. Secondly, deep inspirations are able to dramatically reverse bronchoconstriction. The ability for deep inspirations to reverse bronchoconstriction appears to be due to both the ability to dilate the airways with a full inspiration to total lung capacity (TLC) and the rate at which the airways re-narrow once tidal breathing is resumed. Deep inspiration reversal is reduced in subjects with asthma and is due both to a reduced ability to dilate the airways as well as an increase in the rate of re-narrowing. On the other hand, DI bronchoprotection is completely absent in asthma. Although the mechanisms behind these abnormalities remain unclear, the inability for deep inspirations to both protect against and fully reverse bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma appears critical in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness. As such, determining the pathophysiology responsible for the malfunction of deep inspirations in asthma remains critical to understanding the disease and is likely to pave the way for novel therapeutic targets. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.	en_US
dc.relation.ispartof	Pulmonary Pharmacology and Therapeutics	en_US
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.pupt.2011.03.006	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Respiratory System	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Lung	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Animals	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Humans	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Respiratory Tract Diseases	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Asthma	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Bronchial Hyperreactivity	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Respiration	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Bronchoconstriction	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Inhalation	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Research Design	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Respiratory Physiological Phenomena	en_US
dc.title	The dynamic face of respiratory research: Understanding the effect of airway disease on a lung in constant motion	en_US
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	5	en_US
utslib.citation.volume	24	en_US
utslib.for	1103 Clinical Sciences	en_US
utslib.for	1115 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences	en_US
pubs.embargo.period	Not known	en_US
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science/School of Life Sciences
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access
pubs.issue	5	en_US
pubs.publication-status	Published	en_US
pubs.volume	24	en_US

Abstract:

The lungs are in a constant state of motion. The dynamic nature of tidal breathing, whereby cycles of pressure changes across the lungs cause the chest wall, lung tissue and airways to repeatedly expand and contract, ventilates the lung tissue and allows respiration to occur. However, these regular cycles of tidal inspirations and expirations are punctuated by breaths of differing volumes, most particularly periodic deep inspirations. In normal, healthy subjects, these deep inspirations have a dual effect in reducing airway responsiveness. Firstly, deep inspirations taken under baseline conditions protect the airways against subsequent bronchoconstriction, termed DI bronchoprotection. Secondly, deep inspirations are able to dramatically reverse bronchoconstriction. The ability for deep inspirations to reverse bronchoconstriction appears to be due to both the ability to dilate the airways with a full inspiration to total lung capacity (TLC) and the rate at which the airways re-narrow once tidal breathing is resumed. Deep inspiration reversal is reduced in subjects with asthma and is due both to a reduced ability to dilate the airways as well as an increase in the rate of re-narrowing. On the other hand, DI bronchoprotection is completely absent in asthma. Although the mechanisms behind these abnormalities remain unclear, the inability for deep inspirations to both protect against and fully reverse bronchoconstriction in patients with asthma appears critical in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness. As such, determining the pathophysiology responsible for the malfunction of deep inspirations in asthma remains critical to understanding the disease and is likely to pave the way for novel therapeutic targets. © 2011 Elsevier Ltd.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/116727