Sulphate and ammonium in mist impair the frost hardening of red spruce seedlings

CAPE, JN; LEITH, ID; FOWLER, D; MURRAY, MB; SHEPPARD, LJ; EAMUS, D; WILSON, RHF

Sulphate and ammonium in mist impair the frost hardening of red spruce seedlings

CAPE, JN LEITH, ID FOWLER, D MURRAY, MB SHEPPARD, LJ EAMUS, D

WILSON, RHF

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Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: New Phytologist, 1991, 118 (1), pp. 119 - 126
Issue Date:: 1991-01-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	CAPE, JN	en_US
dc.contributor.author	LEITH, ID	en_US
dc.contributor.author	FOWLER, D	en_US
dc.contributor.author	MURRAY, MB	en_US
dc.contributor.author	SHEPPARD, LJ	en_US
dc.contributor.author	EAMUS, D https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2765-8040	en_US
dc.contributor.author	WILSON, RHF	en_US
dc.date.issued	1991-01-01	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	New Phytologist, 1991, 118 (1), pp. 119 - 126	en_US
dc.identifier.issn	0028-646X	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/13258
dc.description.abstract	Two‐year‐old seedlings of red spruce [Picea rubens Sarg. syn. P. rubra (Du Roi) Link] were grown in open‐top chambers supplied with charcoal‐filtered air near Edinburgh, Scotland. Between May and November 1988, plants were exposed to mists containing NH4+, SO42− and NO3− ions at concentrations of 1.6 mol m−3 and H+ at 3.2 mol m−3, in pairwise combination and all together. The mists were applied twice weekly at a rate of 2 mm precipitation equivalent per application. Treatment with H2SO4 severely damaged the plants after 3 wk; the concentration for this treatment was therefore reduced from 1.6 mol m−3 to 0.5 mol m3, and new plants were substituted, in June 1988. Frost hardiness was assessed by freeze‐testing detached shoots, then measuring rates of electrolyte leakage. No effects of the mist treatments were detected during the early stages of frost hardening, but on 31 October, shoots that had received sulphate and ammonium ions were less hardy than ‘control’ shoots treated with deionized water. The temperature which killed 20% of shoots was 14 °C higher, and the temperature which killed 56% of shoots was 7 °C higher than for ‘control’ shoots. Acidity per se had no effect on frost hardiness; nitrate ions had no effect and may have mitigated the effects of sulphate when applied together. The results confirm earlier data, and indicate that uptake of NH4+ and SO42− ions can disturb the frost‐hardening process. There are important implications for pollution control strategies in the northeastern United States, if damaging interactions between frost hardiness of red spruce and pollutant deposition are linked to ammonium and sulphate rather than nitrate ions. Copyright © 1991, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved	en_US
dc.relation.ispartof	New Phytologist	en_US
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1111/j.1469-8137.1991.tb00572.x	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Plant Biology & Botany	en_US
dc.title	Sulphate and ammonium in mist impair the frost hardening of red spruce seedlings	en_US
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	1	en_US
utslib.citation.volume	118	en_US
utslib.for	0607 Plant Biology	en_US
utslib.for	06 Biological Sciences	en_US
utslib.for	07 Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences	en_US
pubs.embargo.period	Not known	en_US
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science/School of Life Sciences
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access
pubs.issue	1	en_US
pubs.publication-status	Published	en_US
pubs.volume	118	en_US

Abstract:

Two‐year‐old seedlings of red spruce [Picea rubens Sarg. syn. P. rubra (Du Roi) Link] were grown in open‐top chambers supplied with charcoal‐filtered air near Edinburgh, Scotland. Between May and November 1988, plants were exposed to mists containing NH4+, SO42− and NO3− ions at concentrations of 1.6 mol m−3 and H+ at 3.2 mol m−3, in pairwise combination and all together. The mists were applied twice weekly at a rate of 2 mm precipitation equivalent per application. Treatment with H2SO4 severely damaged the plants after 3 wk; the concentration for this treatment was therefore reduced from 1.6 mol m−3 to 0.5 mol m3, and new plants were substituted, in June 1988. Frost hardiness was assessed by freeze‐testing detached shoots, then measuring rates of electrolyte leakage. No effects of the mist treatments were detected during the early stages of frost hardening, but on 31 October, shoots that had received sulphate and ammonium ions were less hardy than ‘control’ shoots treated with deionized water. The temperature which killed 20% of shoots was 14 °C higher, and the temperature which killed 56% of shoots was 7 °C higher than for ‘control’ shoots. Acidity per se had no effect on frost hardiness; nitrate ions had no effect and may have mitigated the effects of sulphate when applied together. The results confirm earlier data, and indicate that uptake of NH4+ and SO42− ions can disturb the frost‐hardening process. There are important implications for pollution control strategies in the northeastern United States, if damaging interactions between frost hardiness of red spruce and pollutant deposition are linked to ammonium and sulphate rather than nitrate ions. Copyright © 1991, Wiley Blackwell. All rights reserved

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