Vibrio cholerae residing in food vacuoles expelled by protozoa are more infectious in vivo

Espinoza-Vergara, G; Noorian, P; Silva-Valenzuela, CA; Raymond, BBA; Allen, C; Hoque, MM; Sun, S; Johnson, MS; Pernice, M; Kjelleberg, S; Djordjevic, SP; Labbate, M; Camilli, A; McDougald, D

Vibrio cholerae residing in food vacuoles expelled by protozoa are more infectious in vivo

Espinoza-Vergara, G Noorian, P

Silva-Valenzuela, CA

Raymond, BBA

Allen, C Hoque, MM

Sun, S

Johnson, MS Pernice, M

Kjelleberg, S Djordjevic, SP

Labbate, M

Camilli, A McDougald, D

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Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Nature Microbiology, 2019, 4 (12), pp. 2466 - 2474
Issue Date:: 2019-12-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Espinoza-Vergara, G	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Noorian, P https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4215-1080	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Silva-Valenzuela, CA https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1945-7767	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Raymond, BBA https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3610-9289	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Allen, C	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Hoque, MM https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6014-6955	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Sun, S https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6013-0614	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Johnson, MS	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Pernice, M https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3431-2104	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Kjelleberg, S	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Djordjevic, SP https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9301-5372	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Labbate, M https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1428-3382	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Camilli, A	en_US
dc.contributor.author	McDougald, D https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5827-8441	en_US
dc.date.available	2020-05-25T19:28:24Z
dc.date.issued	2019-12-01	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	Nature Microbiology, 2019, 4 (12), pp. 2466 - 2474	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/136265
dc.description.abstract	© 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited. Vibrio cholerae interacts with many organisms in the environment, including heterotrophic protists (protozoa). Several species of protozoa have been reported to release undigested bacteria in expelled food vacuoles (EFVs) when feeding on some pathogens. While the production of EFVs has been reported, their biological role as a vector for the transmission of pathogens remains unknown. Here we report that ciliated protozoa release EFVs containing V. cholerae. The EFVs are stable, the cells inside them are protected from multiple stresses, and large numbers of cells escape when incubated at 37 °C or in the presence of nutrients. We show that OmpU, a major outer membrane protein positively regulated by ToxR, has a role in the production of EFVs. Notably, cells released from EFVs have growth and colonization advantages over planktonic cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that EFVs facilitate V. cholerae survival in the environment, enhancing their infectious potential and may contribute to the dissemination of epidemic V. cholerae strains. These results improve our understanding of the mechanisms of persistence and the modes of transmission of V. cholerae and may further apply to other opportunistic pathogens that have been shown to be released by protists in EFVs.	en_US
dc.relation	http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP170100453
dc.relation.ispartof	Nature Microbiology	en_US
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1038/s41564-019-0563-x	en_US
dc.title	Vibrio cholerae residing in food vacuoles expelled by protozoa are more infectious in vivo	en_US
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	12	en_US
utslib.citation.volume	4	en_US
utslib.for	0605 Microbiology	en_US
utslib.for	1108 Medical Microbiology	en_US
pubs.embargo.period	Not known	en_US
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science/School of Life Sciences
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - C3 - Climate Change Cluster
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - ithree - Institute of Infection, Immunity and Innovation
utslib.copyright.status	open_access
pubs.issue	12	en_US
pubs.publication-status	Published	en_US
pubs.volume	4	en_US

Abstract:

© 2019, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Limited. Vibrio cholerae interacts with many organisms in the environment, including heterotrophic protists (protozoa). Several species of protozoa have been reported to release undigested bacteria in expelled food vacuoles (EFVs) when feeding on some pathogens. While the production of EFVs has been reported, their biological role as a vector for the transmission of pathogens remains unknown. Here we report that ciliated protozoa release EFVs containing V. cholerae. The EFVs are stable, the cells inside them are protected from multiple stresses, and large numbers of cells escape when incubated at 37 °C or in the presence of nutrients. We show that OmpU, a major outer membrane protein positively regulated by ToxR, has a role in the production of EFVs. Notably, cells released from EFVs have growth and colonization advantages over planktonic cells both in vitro and in vivo. Our results suggest that EFVs facilitate V. cholerae survival in the environment, enhancing their infectious potential and may contribute to the dissemination of epidemic V. cholerae strains. These results improve our understanding of the mechanisms of persistence and the modes of transmission of V. cholerae and may further apply to other opportunistic pathogens that have been shown to be released by protists in EFVs.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/136265