Effects of Rehabilitation on Perineural Nets and Synaptic Plasticity Following Spinal Cord Transection.

Al'joboori, YD; Edgerton, VR; Ichiyama, RM

Effects of Rehabilitation on Perineural Nets and Synaptic Plasticity Following Spinal Cord Transection.

Al'joboori, YD Edgerton, VR Ichiyama, RM

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Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Brain Sci, 2020, 10, (11)
Issue Date:: 2020-11-06

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Al'joboori, YD
dc.contributor.author	Edgerton, VR
dc.contributor.author	Ichiyama, RM
dc.date.accessioned	2020-11-20T04:03:22Z
dc.date.available	2020-11-03
dc.date.available	2020-11-20T04:03:22Z
dc.date.issued	2020-11-06
dc.identifier.citation	Brain Sci, 2020, 10, (11)
dc.identifier.issn	2076-3425
dc.identifier.issn	2076-3425
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/144183
dc.description.abstract	Epidural electrical stimulation (ES) of the lumbar spinal cord combined with daily locomotor training has been demonstrated to enhance stepping ability after complete spinal transection in rodents and clinically complete spinal injuries in humans. Although functional gain is observed, plasticity mechanisms associated with such recovery remain mostly unclear. Here, we investigated how ES and locomotor training affected expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPG), perineuronal nets (PNN), and synaptic plasticity on spinal motoneurons. To test this, adult rats received a complete spinal transection (T9-T10) followed by daily locomotor training performed under ES with administration of quipazine (a serotonin (5-HT) agonist) starting 7 days post-injury (dpi). Excitatory and inhibitory synaptic changes were examined at 7, 21, and 67 dpi in addition to PNN and CSPG expression. The total amount of CSPG expression significantly increased with time after injury, with no effect of training. An interesting finding was that γ-motoneurons did not express PNNs, whereas α-motoneurons demonstrated well-defined PNNs. This remarkable difference is reflected in the greater extent of synaptic changes observed in γ-motoneurons compared to α-motoneurons. A medium negative correlation between CSPG expression and changes in putative synapses around α-motoneurons was found, but no correlation was identified for γ-motoneurons. These results suggest that modulation of γ-motoneuron activity is an important mechanism associated with functional recovery induced by locomotor training under ES after a complete spinal transection.
dc.language	eng
dc.relation.ispartof	Brain Sci
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.3390/brainsci10110824
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	1109 Neurosciences, 1701 Psychology, 1702 Cognitive Sciences
dc.title	Effects of Rehabilitation on Perineural Nets and Synaptic Plasticity Following Spinal Cord Transection.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	10
utslib.location.activity	Switzerland
utslib.for	1109 Neurosciences
utslib.for	1701 Psychology
utslib.for	1702 Cognitive Sciences
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science/School of Life Sciences
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
pubs.consider-herdc	false
dc.date.updated	2020-11-20T04:03:13Z
pubs.issue	11
pubs.publication-status	Published online
pubs.volume	10
utslib.citation.issue	11

Abstract:

Epidural electrical stimulation (ES) of the lumbar spinal cord combined with daily locomotor training has been demonstrated to enhance stepping ability after complete spinal transection in rodents and clinically complete spinal injuries in humans. Although functional gain is observed, plasticity mechanisms associated with such recovery remain mostly unclear. Here, we investigated how ES and locomotor training affected expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPG), perineuronal nets (PNN), and synaptic plasticity on spinal motoneurons. To test this, adult rats received a complete spinal transection (T9-T10) followed by daily locomotor training performed under ES with administration of quipazine (a serotonin (5-HT) agonist) starting 7 days post-injury (dpi). Excitatory and inhibitory synaptic changes were examined at 7, 21, and 67 dpi in addition to PNN and CSPG expression. The total amount of CSPG expression significantly increased with time after injury, with no effect of training. An interesting finding was that γ-motoneurons did not express PNNs, whereas α-motoneurons demonstrated well-defined PNNs. This remarkable difference is reflected in the greater extent of synaptic changes observed in γ-motoneurons compared to α-motoneurons. A medium negative correlation between CSPG expression and changes in putative synapses around α-motoneurons was found, but no correlation was identified for γ-motoneurons. These results suggest that modulation of γ-motoneuron activity is an important mechanism associated with functional recovery induced by locomotor training under ES after a complete spinal transection.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/144183