Brain health is independently impaired by E-vaping and high-fat diet.

Chen, H; Wang, B; Li, G; Steele, JR; Stayte, S; Vissel, B; Chan, YL; Yi, C; Saad, S; Machaalani, R; Oliver, BG

Brain health is independently impaired by E-vaping and high-fat diet.

Chen, H

Wang, B Li, G Steele, JR Stayte, S

Vissel, B

Chan, YL Yi, C Saad, S Machaalani, R Oliver, BG

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Publisher:: Elsevier BV
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2020
Issue Date:: 2020-11-20

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Chen, H https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6883-3752
dc.contributor.author	Wang, B
dc.contributor.author	Li, G
dc.contributor.author	Steele, JR
dc.contributor.author	Stayte, S https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6518-1979
dc.contributor.author	Vissel, B https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8860-8050
dc.contributor.author	Chan, YL
dc.contributor.author	Yi, C
dc.contributor.author	Saad, S
dc.contributor.author	Machaalani, R
dc.contributor.author	Oliver, BG
dc.date.accessioned	2021-02-10T04:06:33Z
dc.date.available	2020-11-18
dc.date.available	2021-02-10T04:06:33Z
dc.date.issued	2020-11-20
dc.identifier.citation	Brain, behavior, and immunity, 2020
dc.identifier.issn	0889-1591
dc.identifier.issn	1090-2139
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/146018
dc.description.abstract	Tobacco smoking and high-fat diet (HFD) independently impair short-term memory. E-cigarettes produce e-vapour containing flavourings and nicotine. Here, we investigated whether e-vapour inhalation interacts with HFD to affect short-term memory and neural integrity. Balb/c mice (7 weeks, male) were fed a HFD (43% fat, 20 kJ/g) for 16 weeks. In the last 6 weeks, half of the mice were exposed to tobacco-flavoured e-vapour from nicotine-containing (18 mg/L) or nicotine-free (0 mg/L) e-fluids twice daily. Short-term memory function was measured in week 15. HFD alone did not impair memory function, but increased brain phosphorylated (p)-Tau and astrogliosis marker, while neuron and microglia levels were decreased. E-vapour exposure significantly impaired short-term memory function independent of diet and nicotine. Nicotine free e-vapour induced greater changes compared to the nicotine e-vapour and included, increased systemic cytokines, increased brain p-Tau and decreased postsynaptic density protein (PSD)-95 levels in chow-fed mice, and decreased astrogliosis marker, increased microglia and increased glycogen synthase kinase levels in HFD-fed mice. Increased hippocampal apoptosis was also differentially observed in chow and HFD mice. In conclusion, E-vapour exposure impaired short-term memory independent of diet and nicotine, and was correlated to increased systemic inflammation, reduced PSD-95 level and increased astrogliosis in chow-fed mice, but decreased gliosis and increased microglia in HFD-fed mice, indicating the inflammatory nature of e-vapour leading to short term memory impairment.
dc.format	Print-Electronic
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	Elsevier BV
dc.relation	http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/APP1158186
dc.relation	http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/GNT1158186
dc.relation	http://purl.org/au-research/grants/nhmrc/1158186
dc.relation.ispartof	Brain, behavior, and immunity
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1016/j.bbi.2020.11.028
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/embargoedAccess
dc.subject	1107 Immunology, 1109 Neurosciences, 1701 Psychology
dc.subject.classification	Neurology & Neurosurgery
dc.title	Brain health is independently impaired by E-vaping and high-fat diet.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.location.activity	Netherlands
utslib.for	1107 Immunology
utslib.for	1109 Neurosciences
utslib.for	1701 Psychology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science/School of Life Sciences
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CHT - Health Technologies
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
utslib.copyright.embargo	2021-11-20T00:00:00+1000Z
dc.date.updated	2021-02-10T04:06:21Z
pubs.publication-status	Published

Abstract:

Tobacco smoking and high-fat diet (HFD) independently impair short-term memory. E-cigarettes produce e-vapour containing flavourings and nicotine. Here, we investigated whether e-vapour inhalation interacts with HFD to affect short-term memory and neural integrity. Balb/c mice (7 weeks, male) were fed a HFD (43% fat, 20 kJ/g) for 16 weeks. In the last 6 weeks, half of the mice were exposed to tobacco-flavoured e-vapour from nicotine-containing (18 mg/L) or nicotine-free (0 mg/L) e-fluids twice daily. Short-term memory function was measured in week 15. HFD alone did not impair memory function, but increased brain phosphorylated (p)-Tau and astrogliosis marker, while neuron and microglia levels were decreased. E-vapour exposure significantly impaired short-term memory function independent of diet and nicotine. Nicotine free e-vapour induced greater changes compared to the nicotine e-vapour and included, increased systemic cytokines, increased brain p-Tau and decreased postsynaptic density protein (PSD)-95 levels in chow-fed mice, and decreased astrogliosis marker, increased microglia and increased glycogen synthase kinase levels in HFD-fed mice. Increased hippocampal apoptosis was also differentially observed in chow and HFD mice. In conclusion, E-vapour exposure impaired short-term memory independent of diet and nicotine, and was correlated to increased systemic inflammation, reduced PSD-95 level and increased astrogliosis in chow-fed mice, but decreased gliosis and increased microglia in HFD-fed mice, indicating the inflammatory nature of e-vapour leading to short term memory impairment.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/146018