Antibacterial Activity of Reduced Graphene Oxide

Mann, R; Mitsidis, D; Xie, Z; McNeilly, O; Ng, YH; Amal, R; Gunawan, C

Antibacterial Activity of Reduced Graphene Oxide

Mann, R

Mitsidis, D Xie, Z McNeilly, O Ng, YH Amal, R Gunawan, C

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Publisher:: Hindawi Limited
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Journal of Nanomaterials, 2021, 2021, pp. 1-10
Issue Date:: 2021-04-28

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Mann, R https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4772-0139
dc.contributor.author	Mitsidis, D
dc.contributor.author	Xie, Z
dc.contributor.author	McNeilly, O
dc.contributor.author	Ng, YH
dc.contributor.author	Amal, R
dc.contributor.author	Gunawan, C https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2957-1347
dc.date.accessioned	2021-05-12T23:21:26Z
dc.date.available	2021-05-12T23:21:26Z
dc.date.issued	2021-04-28
dc.identifier.citation	Journal of Nanomaterials, 2021, 2021, pp. 1-10
dc.identifier.issn	1687-4110
dc.identifier.issn	1687-4129
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/148876
dc.description.abstract	<jats:p>The increasing biological use of graphene-based materials has prompted research inquiries on their effects on microorganisms. The work herein reported different types of microbiological activity of reduced graphene oxide (RGO). At relatively high concentrations (200 and 400 μg/mL), RGO exhibited antibacterial activity on the model bacterium Escherichia coli, while at lower concentrations (10 and 50 μg/mL), interestingly, no antibacterial effect was observed. Instead, an increase in the viable population after exposure at lower concentrations was observed, verified by colony counting and fluorescence microscopy. Further investigation ruled out the possibility of nutrient release from RGO being responsible for this growth-enhancing effect, whereby a comparable number of viable cells were found in the particle-free RGO leachate systems relative to the control. A before and after exposure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the RGO detected less presence of C-C bond on the particle surface, suggesting the ability of the bacterium for the use of the carbon-based materials for growth. This potential RGO-cell interaction is further supported by the observed emergence of C-N bond on the particle surface, the nitrogen moieties most likely of bacterial (cell envelope) origins. Although still an early evidence, such RGO-cell interactions could explain the viable cell increase observed at the lower concentration RGO systems. The present study highlights the concentration-dependent microbiological effects of RGO, clarifying the contradicting reports on the growth enhancing versus antibacterial effect of graphene-based materials. The knowledge is important not only for the antibacterial formulation of carbon-based materials but also when assessing their environmental impact.</jats:p>
dc.language	en
dc.publisher	Hindawi Limited
dc.relation	http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP180100474
dc.relation.ispartof	Journal of Nanomaterials
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1155/2021/9941577
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subject	0912 Materials Engineering, 1007 Nanotechnology
dc.subject.classification	Nanoscience & Nanotechnology
dc.title	Antibacterial Activity of Reduced Graphene Oxide
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	2021
utslib.for	0912 Materials Engineering
utslib.for	1007 Nanotechnology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - ithree - Institute of Infection, Immunity and Innovation
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access	*
dc.date.updated	2021-05-12T23:21:24Z
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	2021

Abstract:

The increasing biological use of graphene-based materials has prompted research inquiries on their effects on microorganisms. The work herein reported different types of microbiological activity of reduced graphene oxide (RGO). At relatively high concentrations (200 and 400 μg/mL), RGO exhibited antibacterial activity on the model bacterium Escherichia coli, while at lower concentrations (10 and 50 μg/mL), interestingly, no antibacterial effect was observed. Instead, an increase in the viable population after exposure at lower concentrations was observed, verified by colony counting and fluorescence microscopy. Further investigation ruled out the possibility of nutrient release from RGO being responsible for this growth-enhancing effect, whereby a comparable number of viable cells were found in the particle-free RGO leachate systems relative to the control. A before and after exposure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) analysis of the RGO detected less presence of C-C bond on the particle surface, suggesting the ability of the bacterium for the use of the carbon-based materials for growth. This potential RGO-cell interaction is further supported by the observed emergence of C-N bond on the particle surface, the nitrogen moieties most likely of bacterial (cell envelope) origins. Although still an early evidence, such RGO-cell interactions could explain the viable cell increase observed at the lower concentration RGO systems. The present study highlights the concentration-dependent microbiological effects of RGO, clarifying the contradicting reports on the growth enhancing versus antibacterial effect of graphene-based materials. The knowledge is important not only for the antibacterial formulation of carbon-based materials but also when assessing their environmental impact.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/148876