SARS-CoV-2 in human milk is inactivated by Holder pasteurisation but not cold storage.

Walker, GJ; Clifford, V; Bansal, N; Stella, AO; Turville, S; Stelzer-Braid, S; Klein, LD; Rawlinson, W

SARS-CoV-2 in human milk is inactivated by Holder pasteurisation but not cold storage.

Walker, GJ Clifford, V Bansal, N Stella, AO Turville, S Stelzer-Braid, S

Klein, LD Rawlinson, W

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Publisher:: Wiley
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2020, 56, (12), pp. 1872-1874
Issue Date:: 2020-12

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Walker, GJ
dc.contributor.author	Clifford, V
dc.contributor.author	Bansal, N
dc.contributor.author	Stella, AO
dc.contributor.author	Turville, S
dc.contributor.author	Stelzer-Braid, S https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6037-9305
dc.contributor.author	Klein, LD
dc.contributor.author	Rawlinson, W
dc.date.accessioned	2021-05-19T06:16:59Z
dc.date.available	2020-06-25
dc.date.available	2021-05-19T06:16:59Z
dc.date.issued	2020-12
dc.identifier.citation	Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health, 2020, 56, (12), pp. 1872-1874
dc.identifier.issn	1034-4810
dc.identifier.issn	1440-1754
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/148971
dc.description.abstract	<h4>Aim</h4>As the COVID-19 pandemic evolves, human milk banks world-wide continue to provide donor human milk to vulnerable infants who lack access to mother's own milk. Under these circumstances, ensuring the safety of donor human milk is paramount, as the risk of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is not fully understood. Here, we investigate the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in human milk by pasteurisation and the stability of SARS-CoV-2 in human milk under cold storage.<h4>Methods</h4>SARS-CoV-2 was experimentally inoculated into human milk samples from healthy donors or into a control medium. Triplicates of each sample were layered onto uninfected cells after Holder pasteurisation (63°C for 30 min), heating to 56°C for 30 min, or after 48 h of storage at 4°C or -30°C. Infectious titres of virus were determined at 72 h post-infection by endpoint titration.<h4>Results</h4>Following heating to 63°C or 56°C for 30 min, replication competent (i.e. live) SARS-CoV-2 was undetected in both human milk and the control medium. Cold storage of SARS-CoV-2 in human milk (either at 4°C or -30°C) did not significantly impact infectious viral load over a 48 h period.<h4>Conclusion</h4>SARS-CoV-2 is effectively inactivated by Holder pasteurisation, suggesting that existing milk bank processes will effectively mitigate the risk of transmission of SARS-COV-2 to vulnerable infants through pasteurised donor human milk. The demonstrated stability of SARS-CoV-2 in refrigerated or frozen human milk may assist in the development of guidelines around safe expressing and storing of milk from COVID-19 infected mothers.
dc.format	Print-Electronic
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	Wiley
dc.relation.ispartof	Journal of Paediatrics and Child Health
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1111/jpc.15065
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subject	1103 Clinical Sciences, 1114 Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, 1117 Public Health and Health Services
dc.subject.classification	Pediatrics
dc.subject.mesh	Cold Temperature
dc.subject.mesh	COVID-19
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Milk, Human
dc.subject.mesh	Pasteurization
dc.subject.mesh	SARS-CoV-2
dc.subject.mesh	Virus Inactivation
dc.subject.mesh	Milk, Human
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Virus Inactivation
dc.subject.mesh	Cold Temperature
dc.subject.mesh	Pasteurization
dc.subject.mesh	COVID-19
dc.subject.mesh	SARS-CoV-2
dc.subject.mesh	COVID-19
dc.subject.mesh	Cold Temperature
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Milk, Human
dc.subject.mesh	Pasteurization
dc.subject.mesh	SARS-CoV-2
dc.subject.mesh	Virus Inactivation
dc.title	SARS-CoV-2 in human milk is inactivated by Holder pasteurisation but not cold storage.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	56
utslib.location.activity	Australia
utslib.for	1103 Clinical Sciences
utslib.for	1114 Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine
utslib.for	1117 Public Health and Health Services
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science/School of Life Sciences
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access	*
pubs.consider-herdc	true
dc.date.updated	2021-05-19T06:16:58Z
pubs.issue	12
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	56
utslib.citation.issue	12

Abstract:

Aim

As the COVID-19 pandemic evolves, human milk banks world-wide continue to provide donor human milk to vulnerable infants who lack access to mother's own milk. Under these circumstances, ensuring the safety of donor human milk is paramount, as the risk of vertical transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is not fully understood. Here, we investigate the inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in human milk by pasteurisation and the stability of SARS-CoV-2 in human milk under cold storage.

Methods

SARS-CoV-2 was experimentally inoculated into human milk samples from healthy donors or into a control medium. Triplicates of each sample were layered onto uninfected cells after Holder pasteurisation (63°C for 30 min), heating to 56°C for 30 min, or after 48 h of storage at 4°C or -30°C. Infectious titres of virus were determined at 72 h post-infection by endpoint titration.

Results

Following heating to 63°C or 56°C for 30 min, replication competent (i.e. live) SARS-CoV-2 was undetected in both human milk and the control medium. Cold storage of SARS-CoV-2 in human milk (either at 4°C or -30°C) did not significantly impact infectious viral load over a 48 h period.

Conclusion

SARS-CoV-2 is effectively inactivated by Holder pasteurisation, suggesting that existing milk bank processes will effectively mitigate the risk of transmission of SARS-COV-2 to vulnerable infants through pasteurised donor human milk. The demonstrated stability of SARS-CoV-2 in refrigerated or frozen human milk may assist in the development of guidelines around safe expressing and storing of milk from COVID-19 infected mothers.

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:

http://hdl.handle.net/10453/148971