Plasma Amino Acids Metabolomics' Important in Glucose Management in Type 2 Diabetes

Alqudah, A; Wedyan, M; Qnais, E; Jawarneh, H; McClements, L

Plasma Amino Acids Metabolomics' Important in Glucose Management in Type 2 Diabetes

Alqudah, A Wedyan, M Qnais, E Jawarneh, H McClements, L

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Publisher:: Frontiers Media SA
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2021, 12, pp. 695418
Issue Date:: 2021-07-15

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Alqudah, A
dc.contributor.author	Wedyan, M
dc.contributor.author	Qnais, E
dc.contributor.author	Jawarneh, H
dc.contributor.author	McClements, L https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4911-1014
dc.date.accessioned	2022-01-12T07:50:57Z
dc.date.available	2021-06-30
dc.date.available	2022-01-12T07:50:57Z
dc.date.issued	2021-07-15
dc.identifier.citation	Frontiers in Pharmacology, 2021, 12, pp. 695418
dc.identifier.issn	1663-9812
dc.identifier.issn	1663-9812
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/153001
dc.description.abstract	The perturbation in plasma free amino acid metabolome has been observed previously in diabetes mellitus, and is associated with insulin resistance as well as the onset of cardiovascular disease in this population. In this study, we investigated, for the first time, changes in the amino acid profile in a group of people with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) with normal BMI, from Jordan, who were only managed on metformin. Twenty one amino acids were evaluated in plasma samples from 124 people with T2D and 67 healthy controls, matched for age, gender and BMI, using amino acids analyser. Total amino acids, essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids and semi-essential amino acids were similar in T2D compared to healthy controls. Plasma concentrations of four essential amino acids were increased in the presence of T2D (Leucine, p < 0.01, Lysine, p < 0.001, Phenylalanine, p < 0.01, Tryptophan, p < 0.05). On the other hand, in relation to non-essential amino acids, Alanine and Serine were reduced in T2D (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively), whereas Aspartate and Glutamate were increased in T2D compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, respectively). A semi-essential amino acid, Cystine, was also increased in T2D compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01). Citrulline, a metabolic indicator amino acid, demonstrated lower plasma concentration in T2D compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01). These amino acids were also correlated with fasting blood glucose and HbA1c (p < 0.05). Glutamate, glycine and arginine were correlated with the duration of metformin treatment (p < 0.05). No amino acid was correlated with lipid profiles. Disturbances in the metabolism of these amino acids are closely implicated in the pathogenesis of T2D and associated cardiovascular disease. Therefore, these perturbed amino acids could be explored as therapeutic targets to improve T2D management and prevent associated cardiovascular complications.
dc.format	Electronic-eCollection
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	Frontiers Media SA
dc.relation.ispartof	Frontiers in Pharmacology
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.3389/fphar.2021.695418
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	1115 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
dc.title	Plasma Amino Acids Metabolomics' Important in Glucose Management in Type 2 Diabetes
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	12
utslib.location.activity	Switzerland
utslib.for	1115 Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science/School of Life Sciences
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - IBMD - Initiative for Biomedical Devices
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.date.updated	2022-01-12T07:50:54Z
pubs.publication-status	Published online
pubs.volume	12

Abstract:

The perturbation in plasma free amino acid metabolome has been observed previously in diabetes mellitus, and is associated with insulin resistance as well as the onset of cardiovascular disease in this population. In this study, we investigated, for the first time, changes in the amino acid profile in a group of people with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D) with normal BMI, from Jordan, who were only managed on metformin. Twenty one amino acids were evaluated in plasma samples from 124 people with T2D and 67 healthy controls, matched for age, gender and BMI, using amino acids analyser. Total amino acids, essential amino acids, non-essential amino acids and semi-essential amino acids were similar in T2D compared to healthy controls. Plasma concentrations of four essential amino acids were increased in the presence of T2D (Leucine, p < 0.01, Lysine, p < 0.001, Phenylalanine, p < 0.01, Tryptophan, p < 0.05). On the other hand, in relation to non-essential amino acids, Alanine and Serine were reduced in T2D (p < 0.01, p < 0.001, respectively), whereas Aspartate and Glutamate were increased in T2D compared to healthy controls (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, respectively). A semi-essential amino acid, Cystine, was also increased in T2D compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01). Citrulline, a metabolic indicator amino acid, demonstrated lower plasma concentration in T2D compared to healthy controls (p < 0.01). These amino acids were also correlated with fasting blood glucose and HbA1c (p < 0.05). Glutamate, glycine and arginine were correlated with the duration of metformin treatment (p < 0.05). No amino acid was correlated with lipid profiles. Disturbances in the metabolism of these amino acids are closely implicated in the pathogenesis of T2D and associated cardiovascular disease. Therefore, these perturbed amino acids could be explored as therapeutic targets to improve T2D management and prevent associated cardiovascular complications.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/153001