Mechanisms Underlying the Cognitive and Behavioural Effects of Maternal Obesity.

Hasebe, K; Kendig, MD; Morris, MJ

Mechanisms Underlying the Cognitive and Behavioural Effects of Maternal Obesity.

Hasebe, K Kendig, MD Morris, MJ

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Publisher:: MDPI
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Nutrients, 2021, 13, (1), pp. 1-23
Issue Date:: 2021-01-15

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Hasebe, K
dc.contributor.author	Kendig, MD
dc.contributor.author	Morris, MJ
dc.date.accessioned	2022-03-07T00:37:42Z
dc.date.available	2021-01-11
dc.date.available	2022-03-07T00:37:42Z
dc.date.issued	2021-01-15
dc.identifier.citation	Nutrients, 2021, 13, (1), pp. 1-23
dc.identifier.issn	2072-6643
dc.identifier.issn	2072-6643
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/154997
dc.description.abstract	The widespread consumption of 'western'-style diets along with sedentary lifestyles has led to a global epidemic of obesity. Epidemiological, clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that maternal obesity, overnutrition and unhealthy dietary patterns programs have lasting adverse effects on the physical and mental health of offspring. We review currently available preclinical and clinical evidence and summarise possible underlying neurobiological mechanisms by which maternal overnutrition may perturb offspring cognitive function, affective state and psychosocial behaviour, with a focus on (1) neuroinflammation; (2) disrupted neuronal circuities and connectivity; and (3) dysregulated brain hormones. We briefly summarise research implicating the gut microbiota in maternal obesity-induced changes to offspring behaviour. In animal models, maternal obesogenic diet consumption disrupts CNS homeostasis in offspring, which is critical for healthy neurodevelopment, by altering hypothalamic and hippocampal development and recruitment of glial cells, which subsequently dysregulates dopaminergic and serotonergic systems. The adverse effects of maternal obesogenic diets are also conferred through changes to hormones including leptin, insulin and oxytocin which interact with these brain regions and neuronal circuits. Furthermore, accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiome may directly and indirectly contribute to these maternal diet effects in both human and animal studies. As the specific pathways shaping abnormal behaviour in offspring in the context of maternal obesogenic diet exposure remain unknown, further investigations are needed to address this knowledge gap. Use of animal models permits investigation of changes in neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter activity and hormones across global brain network and sex differences, which could be directly and indirectly modulated by the gut microbiome.
dc.format	Electronic
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	MDPI
dc.relation.ispartof	Nutrients
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.3390/nu13010240
dc.rights	Copyright: © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https:// creativecommons.org/licenses/by/ 4.0/).
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/restrictedAccess
dc.subject	0908 Food Sciences, 1111 Nutrition and Dietetics
dc.subject.mesh	Child
dc.subject.mesh	Child Behavior
dc.subject.mesh	Child Development
dc.subject.mesh	Child, Preschool
dc.subject.mesh	Cognition
dc.subject.mesh	Diet, High-Fat
dc.subject.mesh	Diet, Western
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Gastrointestinal Microbiome
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Obesity, Maternal
dc.subject.mesh	Overnutrition
dc.subject.mesh	Pregnancy
dc.subject.mesh	Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
dc.subject.mesh	Psychology
dc.subject.mesh	Child
dc.subject.mesh	Child Behavior
dc.subject.mesh	Child Development
dc.subject.mesh	Child, Preschool
dc.subject.mesh	Cognition
dc.subject.mesh	Diet, High-Fat
dc.subject.mesh	Diet, Western
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Gastrointestinal Microbiome
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Obesity, Maternal
dc.subject.mesh	Overnutrition
dc.subject.mesh	Pregnancy
dc.subject.mesh	Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
dc.subject.mesh	Psychology
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects
dc.subject.mesh	Overnutrition
dc.subject.mesh	Child Behavior
dc.subject.mesh	Child Development
dc.subject.mesh	Cognition
dc.subject.mesh	Psychology
dc.subject.mesh	Pregnancy
dc.subject.mesh	Child
dc.subject.mesh	Child, Preschool
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Diet, High-Fat
dc.subject.mesh	Diet, Western
dc.subject.mesh	Gastrointestinal Microbiome
dc.subject.mesh	Obesity, Maternal
dc.title	Mechanisms Underlying the Cognitive and Behavioural Effects of Maternal Obesity.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	13
utslib.location.activity	Switzerland
utslib.for	0908 Food Sciences
utslib.for	1111 Nutrition and Dietetics
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science/School of Life Sciences
utslib.copyright.status	recently_added	*
pubs.consider-herdc	false
dc.date.updated	2022-03-07T00:37:37Z
pubs.issue	1
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	13
utslib.citation.issue	1

Abstract:

The widespread consumption of 'western'-style diets along with sedentary lifestyles has led to a global epidemic of obesity. Epidemiological, clinical and preclinical evidence suggests that maternal obesity, overnutrition and unhealthy dietary patterns programs have lasting adverse effects on the physical and mental health of offspring. We review currently available preclinical and clinical evidence and summarise possible underlying neurobiological mechanisms by which maternal overnutrition may perturb offspring cognitive function, affective state and psychosocial behaviour, with a focus on (1) neuroinflammation; (2) disrupted neuronal circuities and connectivity; and (3) dysregulated brain hormones. We briefly summarise research implicating the gut microbiota in maternal obesity-induced changes to offspring behaviour. In animal models, maternal obesogenic diet consumption disrupts CNS homeostasis in offspring, which is critical for healthy neurodevelopment, by altering hypothalamic and hippocampal development and recruitment of glial cells, which subsequently dysregulates dopaminergic and serotonergic systems. The adverse effects of maternal obesogenic diets are also conferred through changes to hormones including leptin, insulin and oxytocin which interact with these brain regions and neuronal circuits. Furthermore, accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiome may directly and indirectly contribute to these maternal diet effects in both human and animal studies. As the specific pathways shaping abnormal behaviour in offspring in the context of maternal obesogenic diet exposure remain unknown, further investigations are needed to address this knowledge gap. Use of animal models permits investigation of changes in neuroinflammation, neurotransmitter activity and hormones across global brain network and sex differences, which could be directly and indirectly modulated by the gut microbiome.

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:

http://hdl.handle.net/10453/154997