Overview of the potent cyanobacterial neurotoxin β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and its analytical determination.

Porojan, C; Mitrovic, SM; Yeo, DCJ; Furey, A

Overview of the potent cyanobacterial neurotoxin β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and its analytical determination.

Porojan, C Mitrovic, SM Yeo, DCJ Furey, A

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Publisher:: TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, 2016, 33, (10), pp. 1570-1586
Issue Date:: 2016-10

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Porojan, C
dc.contributor.author	Mitrovic, SM
dc.contributor.author	Yeo, DCJ
dc.contributor.author	Furey, A
dc.date.accessioned	2022-03-21T05:05:37Z
dc.date.available	2022-03-21T05:05:37Z
dc.date.issued	2016-10
dc.identifier.citation	Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess, 2016, 33, (10), pp. 1570-1586
dc.identifier.issn	1944-0049
dc.identifier.issn	1944-0057
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/155424
dc.description.abstract	Blue-green algae are responsible for the production of different types of toxins which can be neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, cytotoxic and dermatotoxic and that can affect both aquatic and terrestrial life. Since its discovery the neurotoxin β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) has been a cause for concern, being associated with the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/Parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS/PDC). The initial focus was on Guam where it was observed that a high number of people were affected by the ALS/PDC complex. Subsequently, researchers were surprised to find levels of BMAA in post mortem brains from Canadian patients who also suffered from ALS/PDC. Recent research demonstrates that BMAA has been found at different levels in the aquatic food web in the brackish waters of the Baltic Sea. There is emerging evidence to suggest that sand-borne algae from Qatar can also contain BMAA. Furthermore, there is now concern because BMAA has been found not only in warmer regions of the world but also in temperate regions like Europe. The aim of this review is to focus on the methods of extraction and analysis of the neurotoxic non-protein amino acid BMAA. We also consider the neurotoxicity, aetiology, and diverse sources and routes of exposure to BMAA. In recent years, different methods have been developed for the analysis of BMAA. Some of these use HPLC-FD, UPLC-UV, UPLC-MS and LC-MS/MS using samples that have been derivatised or underivatised. To date the LC-MS/MS approach is the most widely used analytical technique as it is the most selective and sensitive method for BMAA determination.
dc.format	Print-Electronic
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	TAYLOR & FRANCIS LTD
dc.relation.ispartof	Food Addit Contam Part A Chem Anal Control Expo Risk Assess
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1080/19440049.2016.1217070
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subject	0908 Food Sciences
dc.subject.classification	Food Science
dc.subject.mesh	Amino Acids, Diamino
dc.subject.mesh	Animals
dc.subject.mesh	Cyanobacteria
dc.subject.mesh	Cyanobacteria Toxins
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Molecular Conformation
dc.subject.mesh	Neurotoxins
dc.subject.mesh	Animals
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Cyanobacteria
dc.subject.mesh	Amino Acids, Diamino
dc.subject.mesh	Neurotoxins
dc.subject.mesh	Molecular Conformation
dc.subject.mesh	Cyanobacteria Toxins
dc.title	Overview of the potent cyanobacterial neurotoxin β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) and its analytical determination.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	33
utslib.location.activity	England
utslib.for	0908 Food Sciences
utslib.for	0908 Food Sciences
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science/School of Life Sciences
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access	*
dc.date.updated	2022-03-21T05:05:35Z
pubs.issue	10
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	33
utslib.citation.issue	10

Abstract:

Blue-green algae are responsible for the production of different types of toxins which can be neurotoxic, hepatotoxic, cytotoxic and dermatotoxic and that can affect both aquatic and terrestrial life. Since its discovery the neurotoxin β-methylamino-L-alanine (BMAA) has been a cause for concern, being associated with the neurodegenerative disease amyotrophic lateral sclerosis/Parkinsonism-dementia complex (ALS/PDC). The initial focus was on Guam where it was observed that a high number of people were affected by the ALS/PDC complex. Subsequently, researchers were surprised to find levels of BMAA in post mortem brains from Canadian patients who also suffered from ALS/PDC. Recent research demonstrates that BMAA has been found at different levels in the aquatic food web in the brackish waters of the Baltic Sea. There is emerging evidence to suggest that sand-borne algae from Qatar can also contain BMAA. Furthermore, there is now concern because BMAA has been found not only in warmer regions of the world but also in temperate regions like Europe. The aim of this review is to focus on the methods of extraction and analysis of the neurotoxic non-protein amino acid BMAA. We also consider the neurotoxicity, aetiology, and diverse sources and routes of exposure to BMAA. In recent years, different methods have been developed for the analysis of BMAA. Some of these use HPLC-FD, UPLC-UV, UPLC-MS and LC-MS/MS using samples that have been derivatised or underivatised. To date the LC-MS/MS approach is the most widely used analytical technique as it is the most selective and sensitive method for BMAA determination.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/155424