Toxicity of Herbicide Mixtures to Tropical Freshwater Microalgae Using a Multispecies Test.

Stone, S; Adams, MS; Stauber, JL; Jolley, DF; Warne, MSJ

Toxicity of Herbicide Mixtures to Tropical Freshwater Microalgae Using a Multispecies Test.

Stone, S Adams, MS Stauber, JL Jolley, DF Warne, MSJ

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Publisher:: Wiley
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Environ Toxicol Chem, 2021, 40, (2), pp. 473-486
Issue Date:: 2021-02

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Stone, S
dc.contributor.author	Adams, MS
dc.contributor.author	Stauber, JL
dc.contributor.author	Jolley, DF
dc.contributor.author	Warne, MSJ
dc.date.accessioned	2022-07-04T03:09:59Z
dc.date.available	2020-11-12
dc.date.available	2022-07-04T03:09:59Z
dc.date.issued	2021-02
dc.identifier.citation	Environ Toxicol Chem, 2021, 40, (2), pp. 473-486
dc.identifier.issn	0730-7268
dc.identifier.issn	1552-8618
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/158591
dc.description.abstract	Agriculture within the Great Barrier Reef catchment area has contributed to pesticide contamination of adjacent freshwater ecosystems that flow into the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area. A novel multispecies toxicity test was used to assess the toxicity of diuron and hexazinone, 2 herbicides commonly detected within the Great Barrier Reef catchment area, to a community of 3 tropical freshwater microalgae: Monoraphidium arcuatum, Nannochloropsis-like sp., and Pediastrum duplex. Diuron was the most toxic herbicide, with 10% inhibition concentration (IC10) values of 4.3, 7.1, and 29 µg/L for P. duplex, M. arcuatum, and Nannochloropsis-like sp., respectively, followed by hexazinone, with IC10 values of 15, 18, and 450 µg/L, respectively Toxicity testing on 2 commercial formulations (Barrage, 13.2% hexazinone and 48.6% diuron; Diurex, 90% diuron) showed that additives in the commercial formulations did not significantly increase the toxicity of diuron. Direct toxicity assessments were carried out on water samples from the herbicide-contaminated Sandy Creek, which discharges to the Great Barrier Reef lagoon, and a clean reference site, Tully Gorge in the Tully River. Toxicity was observed in several Sandy Creek samples. Artificial herbicide mixtures were assessed in synthetic soft water and natural freshwaters, with toxic responses being observed at environmentally relevant concentrations. The present study successfully applied a novel multispecies tropical microalgal toxicity test, indicating that it is an effective tool for the assessment of herbicide toxicity in both natural and synthetic freshwaters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:473-486. © 2020 SETAC.
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	Wiley
dc.relation.ispartof	Environ Toxicol Chem
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1002/etc.4932
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subject	03 Chemical Sciences, 05 Environmental Sciences, 06 Biological Sciences
dc.subject.classification	Environmental Sciences
dc.subject.mesh	Diuron
dc.subject.mesh	Ecosystem
dc.subject.mesh	Fresh Water
dc.subject.mesh	Herbicides
dc.subject.mesh	Microalgae
dc.subject.mesh	Water Pollutants, Chemical
dc.title	Toxicity of Herbicide Mixtures to Tropical Freshwater Microalgae Using a Multispecies Test.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	40
utslib.location.activity	United States
utslib.for	03 Chemical Sciences
utslib.for	05 Environmental Sciences
utslib.for	06 Biological Sciences
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science/School of Life Sciences
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access	*
dc.date.updated	2022-07-04T03:09:58Z
pubs.issue	2
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	40
utslib.citation.issue	2

Abstract:

Agriculture within the Great Barrier Reef catchment area has contributed to pesticide contamination of adjacent freshwater ecosystems that flow into the Great Barrier Reef World Heritage Area. A novel multispecies toxicity test was used to assess the toxicity of diuron and hexazinone, 2 herbicides commonly detected within the Great Barrier Reef catchment area, to a community of 3 tropical freshwater microalgae: Monoraphidium arcuatum, Nannochloropsis-like sp., and Pediastrum duplex. Diuron was the most toxic herbicide, with 10% inhibition concentration (IC10) values of 4.3, 7.1, and 29 µg/L for P. duplex, M. arcuatum, and Nannochloropsis-like sp., respectively, followed by hexazinone, with IC10 values of 15, 18, and 450 µg/L, respectively Toxicity testing on 2 commercial formulations (Barrage, 13.2% hexazinone and 48.6% diuron; Diurex, 90% diuron) showed that additives in the commercial formulations did not significantly increase the toxicity of diuron. Direct toxicity assessments were carried out on water samples from the herbicide-contaminated Sandy Creek, which discharges to the Great Barrier Reef lagoon, and a clean reference site, Tully Gorge in the Tully River. Toxicity was observed in several Sandy Creek samples. Artificial herbicide mixtures were assessed in synthetic soft water and natural freshwaters, with toxic responses being observed at environmentally relevant concentrations. The present study successfully applied a novel multispecies tropical microalgal toxicity test, indicating that it is an effective tool for the assessment of herbicide toxicity in both natural and synthetic freshwaters. Environ Toxicol Chem 2021;40:473-486. © 2020 SETAC.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/158591