DMSP Production by Coral-Associated Bacteria

Kuek, FWI; Motti, CA; Zhang, J; Cooke, IR; Todd, JD; Miller, DJ; Bourne, DG; Raina, JB

DMSP Production by Coral-Associated Bacteria

Kuek, FWI Motti, CA Zhang, J Cooke, IR Todd, JD Miller, DJ Bourne, DG Raina, JB

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Publisher:: FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022, 9
Issue Date:: 2022-05-04

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Kuek, FWI
dc.contributor.author	Motti, CA
dc.contributor.author	Zhang, J
dc.contributor.author	Cooke, IR
dc.contributor.author	Todd, JD
dc.contributor.author	Miller, DJ
dc.contributor.author	Bourne, DG
dc.contributor.author	Raina, JB
dc.date.accessioned	2022-08-09T01:46:03Z
dc.date.available	2022-08-09T01:46:03Z
dc.date.issued	2022-05-04
dc.identifier.citation	Frontiers in Marine Science, 2022, 9
dc.identifier.issn	2296-7745
dc.identifier.issn	2296-7745
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/159790
dc.description.abstract	Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is an important molecule in the marine sulfur cycle, produced in large amounts by corals and their dinoflagellate endosymbionts, Symbiodiniaceae. Although corals are known to harbour bacteria that can catabolise DMSP, the recent discovery of bacteria capable of producing DMSP in coastal and deep-sea environments raises the possibility of a bacterial contribution to the DMSP output of corals. Here, 157 bacteria associated with four common coral species were isolated and screened for their ability to produce DMSP by targeting dsyB, a key gene involved in DMSP biosynthesis. Approximately 9% (14 out of 157) of the bacterial isolates harboured dsyB, all being members of the Alphaproteobacteria. The ability of these isolates to produce DMSP was confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. A dsyB-harbouring strain, Shimia aestuarii AMM-P-2, was selected for genome sequencing. This strain harbours the complete genetic machinery to (i) assimilate sulfate and synthesise the DMSP precursors, cysteine and methionine; (ii) demethylate DMSP and generate methanethiol; (iii) cleave DMSP, generating dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and acrylate; and (iv) utilise or detoxify acrylate. The impacts of varied environmental factors (temperature, salinity, light and UV radiation) on S. aestuarii AMM-P-2 DMSP biosynthesis were characterised. DMSP levels in S. aestuarii AMM-P-2 increased almost two-fold under both hypersaline conditions (40 PSU) and high UV exposure. DMSP catabolism through the cleavage pathway also increased under these conditions, producing the antioxidants DMS and acrylate, a potential response to the oxidative stress generated. Overall, our results reveal that coral-associated bacteria can synthesize DMSP and may therefore contribute to DMSP production by the coral holobiont.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	FRONTIERS MEDIA SA
dc.relation.ispartof	Frontiers in Marine Science
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.3389/fmars.2022.869574
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	0405 Oceanography, 0602 Ecology
dc.title	DMSP Production by Coral-Associated Bacteria
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	9
utslib.for	0405 Oceanography
utslib.for	0602 Ecology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - C3 - Climate Change Cluster
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.date.updated	2022-08-09T01:46:01Z
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	9

Abstract:

Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) is an important molecule in the marine sulfur cycle, produced in large amounts by corals and their dinoflagellate endosymbionts, Symbiodiniaceae. Although corals are known to harbour bacteria that can catabolise DMSP, the recent discovery of bacteria capable of producing DMSP in coastal and deep-sea environments raises the possibility of a bacterial contribution to the DMSP output of corals. Here, 157 bacteria associated with four common coral species were isolated and screened for their ability to produce DMSP by targeting dsyB, a key gene involved in DMSP biosynthesis. Approximately 9% (14 out of 157) of the bacterial isolates harboured dsyB, all being members of the Alphaproteobacteria. The ability of these isolates to produce DMSP was confirmed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) measurements. A dsyB-harbouring strain, Shimia aestuarii AMM-P-2, was selected for genome sequencing. This strain harbours the complete genetic machinery to (i) assimilate sulfate and synthesise the DMSP precursors, cysteine and methionine; (ii) demethylate DMSP and generate methanethiol; (iii) cleave DMSP, generating dimethyl sulfide (DMS) and acrylate; and (iv) utilise or detoxify acrylate. The impacts of varied environmental factors (temperature, salinity, light and UV radiation) on S. aestuarii AMM-P-2 DMSP biosynthesis were characterised. DMSP levels in S. aestuarii AMM-P-2 increased almost two-fold under both hypersaline conditions (40 PSU) and high UV exposure. DMSP catabolism through the cleavage pathway also increased under these conditions, producing the antioxidants DMS and acrylate, a potential response to the oxidative stress generated. Overall, our results reveal that coral-associated bacteria can synthesize DMSP and may therefore contribute to DMSP production by the coral holobiont.

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