Optimizing extraction of cellulose and synthesizing pharmaceutical grade carboxymethyl sago cellulose from Malaysian sago pulp

Veeramachineni, AK; Sathasivam, T; Muniyandy, S; Janarthanan, P; Langford, SJ; Yan, LY

Optimizing extraction of cellulose and synthesizing pharmaceutical grade carboxymethyl sago cellulose from Malaysian sago pulp

Veeramachineni, AK Sathasivam, T Muniyandy, S Janarthanan, P Langford, SJ Yan, LY

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Publisher:: MDPI AG
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 2016, 6, (6)
Issue Date:: 2016-01-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Veeramachineni, AK
dc.contributor.author	Sathasivam, T
dc.contributor.author	Muniyandy, S
dc.contributor.author	Janarthanan, P
dc.contributor.author	Langford, SJ
dc.contributor.author	Yan, LY
dc.date.accessioned	2022-10-24T05:25:23Z
dc.date.available	2022-10-24T05:25:23Z
dc.date.issued	2016-01-01
dc.identifier.citation	Applied Sciences (Switzerland), 2016, 6, (6)
dc.identifier.issn	2076-3417
dc.identifier.issn	2076-3417
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/162634
dc.description.abstract	Sago biomass is an agro-industrial waste produced in large quantities, mainly in the Asia-Pacific region and in particular South-East Asia. This work focuses on using sago biomass to obtain cellulose as the raw material, through chemical processing using acid hydrolysis, alkaline extraction, chlorination and bleaching, finally converting the material to pharmaceutical grade carboxymethyl sago cellulose (CMSC) by carboxymethylation. The cellulose was evaluated using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Field Emission Scanning Electronic Microscopy (FESEM). The extracted cellulose was analyzed for cellulose composition, and subsequently modified to CMSC with a degree of substitution (DS) 0.6 by typical carboxymethylation reactions. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the crystallinity of the sago cellulose was reduced after carboxymethylation. FTIR and NMR studies indicate that the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose fibers were etherified through carboxymethylation to produce CMSC. Further characterization of the cellulose and CMSC were performed using FESEM and DSC. The purity of CMSC was analyzed according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International standards. In this case, acid and alkaline treatments coupled with high-pressure defibrillation were found to be effective in depolymerization and defibrillation of the cellulose fibers. The synthesized CMSC also shows no toxicity in the cell line studies and could be exploited as a pharmaceutical excipient.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	MDPI AG
dc.relation.ispartof	Applied Sciences (Switzerland)
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.3390/app6060170
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.title	Optimizing extraction of cellulose and synthesizing pharmaceutical grade carboxymethyl sago cellulose from Malaysian sago pulp
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	6
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science/School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CCET - Centre for Clean Energy Technology
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.date.updated	2022-10-24T05:25:20Z
pubs.issue	6
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	6
utslib.citation.issue	6

Abstract:

Sago biomass is an agro-industrial waste produced in large quantities, mainly in the Asia-Pacific region and in particular South-East Asia. This work focuses on using sago biomass to obtain cellulose as the raw material, through chemical processing using acid hydrolysis, alkaline extraction, chlorination and bleaching, finally converting the material to pharmaceutical grade carboxymethyl sago cellulose (CMSC) by carboxymethylation. The cellulose was evaluated using Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC) and Field Emission Scanning Electronic Microscopy (FESEM). The extracted cellulose was analyzed for cellulose composition, and subsequently modified to CMSC with a degree of substitution (DS) 0.6 by typical carboxymethylation reactions. X-ray diffraction analysis indicated that the crystallinity of the sago cellulose was reduced after carboxymethylation. FTIR and NMR studies indicate that the hydroxyl groups of the cellulose fibers were etherified through carboxymethylation to produce CMSC. Further characterization of the cellulose and CMSC were performed using FESEM and DSC. The purity of CMSC was analyzed according to the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) International standards. In this case, acid and alkaline treatments coupled with high-pressure defibrillation were found to be effective in depolymerization and defibrillation of the cellulose fibers. The synthesized CMSC also shows no toxicity in the cell line studies and could be exploited as a pharmaceutical excipient.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/162634