Characterisation of the Theileria orientalis Piroplasm Proteome across Three Common Genotypes.

Jenkins, C; Micallef, ML; Padula, MP; Bogema, DR

Characterisation of the Theileria orientalis Piroplasm Proteome across Three Common Genotypes.

Jenkins, C Micallef, ML Padula, MP Bogema, DR

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Publisher:: MDPI AG
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Pathogens, 2022, 11, (10), pp. 1-15
Issue Date:: 2022-09-30

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Jenkins, C
dc.contributor.author	Micallef, ML
dc.contributor.author	Padula, MP
dc.contributor.author	Bogema, DR
dc.date.accessioned	2022-12-07T04:47:28Z
dc.date.available	2022-09-27
dc.date.available	2022-12-07T04:47:28Z
dc.date.issued	2022-09-30
dc.identifier.citation	Pathogens, 2022, 11, (10), pp. 1-15
dc.identifier.issn	2076-0817
dc.identifier.issn	2076-0817
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/164191
dc.description.abstract	Theileria orientalis is an emerging apicomplexan pathogen of cattle occurring in areas populated by the principal vector tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis. Unlike transforming Theileria spp. that induce cancer-like proliferation of lymphocytes via their schizont stage, T. orientalis destroys host erythrocytes during its piroplasm phase resulting in anaemia. The underlying pathogenic processes of T. orientalis infection are poorly understood; consequently, there are no vaccines for prevention of T. orientalis infection and chemotherapeutic options are limited. To identify antigens expressed during the piroplasm phase of T. orientalis, including those which may be useful targets for future therapeutic development, we examined the proteome across three common genotypes of the parasite (Ikeda, Chitose and Buffeli) using preparations of piroplasms purified from bovine blood. A combination of Triton X-114 extraction, one-dimensional electrophoresis and LC-MS/MS identified a total of 1113 proteins across all genotypes, with less than 3% of these representing host-derived proteins. Just over three quarters of T. orientalis proteins (78%) identified were from the aqueous phase of the TX-114 extraction representing cytosolic proteins, with the remaining 22% from the detergent phase, representing membrane-associated proteins. All enzymes involved in glycolysis were expressed, suggesting that this is the major metabolic pathway used during the T. orientalis piroplasm phase. Proteins involved in binding and breakdown of haemoglobin were also identified, suggesting that T. orientalis uses haemoglobin as a source of amino acids. A number of proteins involved in host cell interaction were also identified which may be suitable targets for the development of chemotherapeutics or vaccines.
dc.format	Electronic
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	MDPI AG
dc.relation.ispartof	Pathogens
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.3390/pathogens11101135
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	1107 Immunology, 1108 Medical Microbiology
dc.title	Characterisation of the Theileria orientalis Piroplasm Proteome across Three Common Genotypes.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	11
utslib.location.activity	Switzerland
utslib.for	1107 Immunology
utslib.for	1108 Medical Microbiology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science/School of Life Sciences
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
pubs.consider-herdc	false
dc.date.updated	2022-12-07T04:47:20Z
pubs.issue	10
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	11
utslib.citation.issue	10

Abstract:

Theileria orientalis is an emerging apicomplexan pathogen of cattle occurring in areas populated by the principal vector tick, Haemaphysalis longicornis. Unlike transforming Theileria spp. that induce cancer-like proliferation of lymphocytes via their schizont stage, T. orientalis destroys host erythrocytes during its piroplasm phase resulting in anaemia. The underlying pathogenic processes of T. orientalis infection are poorly understood; consequently, there are no vaccines for prevention of T. orientalis infection and chemotherapeutic options are limited. To identify antigens expressed during the piroplasm phase of T. orientalis, including those which may be useful targets for future therapeutic development, we examined the proteome across three common genotypes of the parasite (Ikeda, Chitose and Buffeli) using preparations of piroplasms purified from bovine blood. A combination of Triton X-114 extraction, one-dimensional electrophoresis and LC-MS/MS identified a total of 1113 proteins across all genotypes, with less than 3% of these representing host-derived proteins. Just over three quarters of T. orientalis proteins (78%) identified were from the aqueous phase of the TX-114 extraction representing cytosolic proteins, with the remaining 22% from the detergent phase, representing membrane-associated proteins. All enzymes involved in glycolysis were expressed, suggesting that this is the major metabolic pathway used during the T. orientalis piroplasm phase. Proteins involved in binding and breakdown of haemoglobin were also identified, suggesting that T. orientalis uses haemoglobin as a source of amino acids. A number of proteins involved in host cell interaction were also identified which may be suitable targets for the development of chemotherapeutics or vaccines.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/164191