Thermally stable high numerical aperture integrated waveguides and couplers for the 3 mu m wavelength range

Fernandez, TT; Johnston, B; Mahmodi, H; Privat, K; Kabakova, I; Gross, S; Withford, M; Fuerbach, A

Thermally stable high numerical aperture integrated waveguides and couplers for the 3 mu m wavelength range

Fernandez, TT Johnston, B Mahmodi, H Privat, K Kabakova, I

Gross, S Withford, M Fuerbach, A

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Publisher:: AIP Publishing
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: APL PHOTONICS, 2022, 7, (12)
Issue Date:: 2022-12-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Fernandez, TT
dc.contributor.author	Johnston, B
dc.contributor.author	Mahmodi, H
dc.contributor.author	Privat, K
dc.contributor.author	Kabakova, I https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6831-9478
dc.contributor.author	Gross, S
dc.contributor.author	Withford, M
dc.contributor.author	Fuerbach, A
dc.date.accessioned	2023-02-01T03:04:43Z
dc.date.available	2023-02-01T03:04:43Z
dc.date.issued	2022-12-01
dc.identifier.citation	APL PHOTONICS, 2022, 7, (12)
dc.identifier.issn	2378-0967
dc.identifier.issn	2378-0967
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/165760
dc.description.abstract	<jats:p> The femtosecond laser direct write technique was used to fabricate mid-infrared compatible waveguide couplers into Suprasil 3001, a fused silica glass with an OH content of as low as ≤1 ppm. Smooth positive step-index change multi-scan waveguides were produced with a high index contrast of 1 × 10<jats:sup>−2</jats:sup>, measured directly using quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry. Waveguides were annealed at 400 °C for 15 h and found to be highly stable, with only <5% reduction in positive index change. Brillouin microscopy and cathodoluminescence are introduced as novel tools that complement Raman mapping and electron microscopy for the investigation of the laser-induced structural changes within the glass matrix, and it was found that although a uniform step index profile is observed across the entire guiding region, different physical mechanisms underpin the index change in the upper and lower sections of the waveguide cross-section, respectively. Waveguides were optimized for mode-matching with optical fibers for the 3.2 μm wavelength range, and evanescent four-port directional couplers with coupling ratios ranging from 5:95 to 50:50 were designed and fabricated. This demonstration opens the door to the development of fully integrated and temperature-stable hybrid chip/fiber systems for the important mid-infrared spectral range. </jats:p>
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	AIP Publishing
dc.relation.ispartof	APL PHOTONICS
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1063/5.0119961
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.subject	0205 Optical Physics
dc.title	Thermally stable high numerical aperture integrated waveguides and couplers for the 3 mu m wavelength range
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	7
utslib.for	0205 Optical Physics
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - CHT - Health Technologies
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science/School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Strength - IBMD - Initiative for Biomedical Devices
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Centre for Health Technologies (CHT)
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.date.updated	2023-02-01T03:04:41Z
pubs.issue	12
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	7
utslib.citation.issue	12

Abstract:

The femtosecond laser direct write technique was used to fabricate mid-infrared compatible waveguide couplers into Suprasil 3001, a fused silica glass with an OH content of as low as ≤1 ppm. Smooth positive step-index change multi-scan waveguides were produced with a high index contrast of 1 × 10−2, measured directly using quadriwave lateral shearing interferometry. Waveguides were annealed at 400 °C for 15 h and found to be highly stable, with only <5% reduction in positive index change. Brillouin microscopy and cathodoluminescence are introduced as novel tools that complement Raman mapping and electron microscopy for the investigation of the laser-induced structural changes within the glass matrix, and it was found that although a uniform step index profile is observed across the entire guiding region, different physical mechanisms underpin the index change in the upper and lower sections of the waveguide cross-section, respectively. Waveguides were optimized for mode-matching with optical fibers for the 3.2 μm wavelength range, and evanescent four-port directional couplers with coupling ratios ranging from 5:95 to 50:50 were designed and fabricated. This demonstration opens the door to the development of fully integrated and temperature-stable hybrid chip/fiber systems for the important mid-infrared spectral range.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/165760