Hierarchical porous carbon-incorporated metal-based nanocomposites for secondary metal-ion batteries
- Publisher:
- Elsevier
- Publication Type:
- Chapter
- Citation:
- Metal Oxide-Carbon Hybrid Materials: Synthesis, Properties and Applications, 2022, pp. 179-216
- Issue Date:
- 2022-01-01
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20503759_10267831380005671.pdf | Published version | 2.99 MB |
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Owing to their high storage capacity, long cyclic stability, and theoretically infinite alkali metallic (Na, K) resource availability, rechargeable secondary metal-ion batteries have received a great deal of research focus as appealing replacements for lithium-ion batteries in commercial-scale applications. Metal-air batteries are also emerging for energy-storage technology because of their high storage capacities and long cyclic stability. Hierarchical porous carbon-incorporated metal (Metal@C) nanocomposite-based anode, with high surface area, versatile ionic storage sites, low cost, and large theoretical storage capacities, are also candidates for energy-storage devices. However, nanohybrids of Metal@C face several problems: low conductivity, large metallic species size, low surface porosity, and thick graphitic-layered carbon materials. Hence, many synthetic protocols and traditional strategies have been developed for large-scale fabrications of Metal@C products for finding high storage capacities electrode materials for practical applications. In this chapter, carbon-based electrodes, metal@C anodes, noncarbon anodes for secondary metal-ion batteries, and solutions to the aforementioned issues are discussed and summarized. Then, detailed comparative studies are carried out to provide the effective factors that govern the storage capabilities of the electrodes of secondary metal-ion batteries. Various inspirational literature examples of electrode materials and related challenges are presented, followed by the summary and a discussion of future perspectives.
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