COVID-19 Lockdown: A Global Study Investigating the Effect of Athletes' Sport Classification and Sex on Training Practices.

Washif, JA; Sandbakk, Ø; Seiler, S; Haugen, T; Farooq, A; Quarrie, K; Janse van Rensburg, DC; Krug, I; Verhagen, E; Wong, DP; Mujika, I; Musa, DI; Nguyen, HMT; Nikolaidis, PT; Owen, A; Padulo, J; Pagaduan, JC; Perera, NP; Pérez-Gómez, J; Pillay, L; Popa, A; Rabbani, A; Pudasaini, A; Rahayu, T; Romdhani, M; Salamh, P; Sarkar, A-S; Schillinger, A; Setyawati, H; Shrestha, N; Suraya, F; Tabben, M; Urhausen, A; Trabelsi, K; Valtonen, M; Weber, J; Whiteley, R; Zrane, A; Zerguini, Y; Zmijewski, P; Ben Saad, H; Pyne, DB; Taylor, L; Cortis, C; Chamari, K; Haddad, M; Ahmadian, O; Al Jufaili, M; Al-Horani, RA; Al-Mohannadi, AS; Aloui, A; Ammar, A; Arifi, F; Aziz, AR; Batuev, M; Beaven, CM; Beneke, R; Bici, A; Bishnoi, P; Bogwasi, L; Bok, D; Boukhris, O; Boullosa, D; Bragazzi, N; Brito, J; Palacios Cartagena, RP; Chaouachi, A; Cheung, SS; Chtourou, H; Cosma, G; Debevec, T; DeLang, MD; Dellal, A; Dönmez, G; Driss, T; Peña Duque, JD; Eirale, C; Elloumi, M; Foster, C; Franchini, E; Fusco, A; Galy, O; Gastin, PB; Gill, N; Girard, O; Gregov, C; Halson, S; Hammouda, O; Hanzlíková, I; Hassanmirzaei, B; Hébert-Losier, K; Muñoz Helú, H; Herrera-Valenzuela, T; Hettinga, FJ; Holtzhausen, L; Hue, O; Dello Iacono, A; Ihalainen, JK; James, C; Joseph, S; Kamoun, K; Khaled, M; Khalladi, K; Kim, KJ; Kok, L-Y; MacMillan, L; Mataruna-Dos-Santos, LJ; Matsunaga, R; Memishi, S; Millet, GP; Moussa-Chamari, I

COVID-19 Lockdown: A Global Study Investigating the Effect of Athletes' Sport Classification and Sex on Training Practices.

Washif, JA Sandbakk, Ø Seiler, S Haugen, T Farooq, A Quarrie, K Janse van Rensburg, DC Krug, I Verhagen, E Wong, DP Mujika, I Musa, DI Nguyen, HMT Nikolaidis, PT Owen, A Padulo, J Pagaduan, JC Perera, NP Pérez-Gómez, J Pillay, L Popa, A Rabbani, A Pudasaini, A Rahayu, T Romdhani, M Salamh, P Sarkar, A-S Schillinger, A Setyawati, H Shrestha, N Suraya, F Tabben, M Urhausen, A Trabelsi, K Valtonen, M Weber, J Whiteley, R Zrane, A Zerguini, Y Zmijewski, P Ben Saad, H Pyne, DB Taylor, L Cortis, C Chamari, K Haddad, M Ahmadian, O Al Jufaili, M Al-Horani, RA Al-Mohannadi, AS Aloui, A Ammar, A Arifi, F Aziz, AR Batuev, M Beaven, CM Beneke, R Bici, A Bishnoi, P Bogwasi, L Bok, D Boukhris, O Boullosa, D Bragazzi, N Brito, J Palacios Cartagena, RP Chaouachi, A Cheung, SS Chtourou, H Cosma, G Debevec, T DeLang, MD Dellal, A Dönmez, G Driss, T Peña Duque, JD Eirale, C Elloumi, M Foster, C Franchini, E Fusco, A Galy, O Gastin, PB Gill, N Girard, O Gregov, C Halson, S Hammouda, O Hanzlíková, I Hassanmirzaei, B Hébert-Losier, K Muñoz Helú, H Herrera-Valenzuela, T Hettinga, FJ Holtzhausen, L Hue, O Dello Iacono, A Ihalainen, JK James, C Joseph, S Kamoun, K Khaled, M Khalladi, K Kim, KJ Kok, L-Y MacMillan, L Mataruna-Dos-Santos, LJ Matsunaga, R Memishi, S Millet, GP Moussa-Chamari, I

Permalink

Publisher:: Human Kinetics
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 2022, 17, (8), pp. 1242-1256
Issue Date:: 2022-08-01

Open Access

Copyright Clearance Process

Recently Added
In Progress
Open Access

This item is open access.

Adobe PDF

Download Accepted versionAdobe PDF (2.96 MB)

View on publisher's site

View statistics

Full metadata record

Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Washif, JA
dc.contributor.author	Sandbakk, Ø
dc.contributor.author	Seiler, S
dc.contributor.author	Haugen, T
dc.contributor.author	Farooq, A
dc.contributor.author	Quarrie, K
dc.contributor.author	Janse van Rensburg, DC
dc.contributor.author	Krug, I
dc.contributor.author	Verhagen, E
dc.contributor.author	Wong, DP
dc.contributor.author	Mujika, I
dc.contributor.author	Musa, DI
dc.contributor.author	Nguyen, HMT
dc.contributor.author	Nikolaidis, PT
dc.contributor.author	Owen, A
dc.contributor.author	Padulo, J
dc.contributor.author	Pagaduan, JC
dc.contributor.author	Perera, NP
dc.contributor.author	Pérez-Gómez, J
dc.contributor.author	Pillay, L
dc.contributor.author	Popa, A
dc.contributor.author	Rabbani, A
dc.contributor.author	Pudasaini, A
dc.contributor.author	Rahayu, T
dc.contributor.author	Romdhani, M
dc.contributor.author	Salamh, P
dc.contributor.author	Sarkar, A-S
dc.contributor.author	Schillinger, A
dc.contributor.author	Setyawati, H
dc.contributor.author	Shrestha, N
dc.contributor.author	Suraya, F
dc.contributor.author	Tabben, M
dc.contributor.author	Urhausen, A
dc.contributor.author	Trabelsi, K
dc.contributor.author	Valtonen, M
dc.contributor.author	Weber, J
dc.contributor.author	Whiteley, R
dc.contributor.author	Zrane, A
dc.contributor.author	Zerguini, Y
dc.contributor.author	Zmijewski, P
dc.contributor.author	Ben Saad, H
dc.contributor.author	Pyne, DB
dc.contributor.author	Taylor, L
dc.contributor.author	Cortis, C
dc.contributor.author	Chamari, K
dc.contributor.author	Haddad, M
dc.contributor.author	Ahmadian, O
dc.contributor.author	Al Jufaili, M
dc.contributor.author	Al-Horani, RA
dc.contributor.author	Al-Mohannadi, AS
dc.contributor.author	Aloui, A
dc.contributor.author	Ammar, A
dc.contributor.author	Arifi, F
dc.contributor.author	Aziz, AR
dc.contributor.author	Batuev, M
dc.contributor.author	Beaven, CM
dc.contributor.author	Beneke, R
dc.contributor.author	Bici, A
dc.contributor.author	Bishnoi, P
dc.contributor.author	Bogwasi, L
dc.contributor.author	Bok, D
dc.contributor.author	Boukhris, O
dc.contributor.author	Boullosa, D
dc.contributor.author	Bragazzi, N
dc.contributor.author	Brito, J
dc.contributor.author	Palacios Cartagena, RP
dc.contributor.author	Chaouachi, A
dc.contributor.author	Cheung, SS
dc.contributor.author	Chtourou, H
dc.contributor.author	Cosma, G
dc.contributor.author	Debevec, T
dc.contributor.author	DeLang, MD
dc.contributor.author	Dellal, A
dc.contributor.author	Dönmez, G
dc.contributor.author	Driss, T
dc.contributor.author	Peña Duque, JD
dc.contributor.author	Eirale, C
dc.contributor.author	Elloumi, M
dc.contributor.author	Foster, C
dc.contributor.author	Franchini, E
dc.contributor.author	Fusco, A
dc.contributor.author	Galy, O
dc.contributor.author	Gastin, PB
dc.contributor.author	Gill, N
dc.contributor.author	Girard, O
dc.contributor.author	Gregov, C
dc.contributor.author	Halson, S
dc.contributor.author	Hammouda, O
dc.contributor.author	Hanzlíková, I
dc.contributor.author	Hassanmirzaei, B
dc.contributor.author	Hébert-Losier, K
dc.contributor.author	Muñoz Helú, H
dc.contributor.author	Herrera-Valenzuela, T
dc.contributor.author	Hettinga, FJ
dc.contributor.author	Holtzhausen, L
dc.contributor.author	Hue, O
dc.contributor.author	Dello Iacono, A
dc.contributor.author	Ihalainen, JK
dc.contributor.author	James, C
dc.contributor.author	Joseph, S
dc.contributor.author	Kamoun, K
dc.contributor.author	Khaled, M
dc.contributor.author	Khalladi, K
dc.contributor.author	Kim, KJ
dc.contributor.author	Kok, L-Y
dc.contributor.author	MacMillan, L
dc.contributor.author	Mataruna-Dos-Santos, LJ
dc.contributor.author	Matsunaga, R
dc.contributor.author	Memishi, S
dc.contributor.author	Millet, GP
dc.contributor.author	Moussa-Chamari, I
dc.date.accessioned	2023-06-30T02:02:38Z
dc.date.available	2022-04-28
dc.date.available	2023-06-30T02:02:38Z
dc.date.issued	2022-08-01
dc.identifier.citation	Int J Sports Physiol Perform, 2022, 17, (8), pp. 1242-1256
dc.identifier.issn	1555-0265
dc.identifier.issn	1555-0273
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/171023
dc.description.abstract	PURPOSE: To investigate differences in athletes' knowledge, beliefs, and training practices during COVID-19 lockdowns with reference to sport classification and sex. This work extends an initial descriptive evaluation focusing on athlete classification. METHODS: Athletes (12,526; 66% male; 142 countries) completed an online survey (May-July 2020) assessing knowledge, beliefs, and practices toward training. Sports were classified as team sports (45%), endurance (20%), power/technical (10%), combat (9%), aquatic (6%), recreational (4%), racquet (3%), precision (2%), parasports (1%), and others (1%). Further analysis by sex was performed. RESULTS: During lockdown, athletes practiced body-weight-based exercises routinely (67% females and 64% males), ranging from 50% (precision) to 78% (parasports). More sport-specific technical skills were performed in combat, parasports, and precision (∼50%) than other sports (∼35%). Most athletes (range: 50% [parasports] to 75% [endurance]) performed cardiorespiratory training (trivial sex differences). Compared to prelockdown, perceived training intensity was reduced by 29% to 41%, depending on sport (largest decline: ∼38% in team sports, unaffected by sex). Some athletes (range: 7%-49%) maintained their training intensity for strength, endurance, speed, plyometric, change-of-direction, and technical training. Athletes who previously trained ≥5 sessions per week reduced their volume (range: 18%-28%) during lockdown. The proportion of athletes (81%) training ≥60 min/session reduced by 31% to 43% during lockdown. Males and females had comparable moderate levels of training knowledge (56% vs 58%) and beliefs/attitudes (54% vs 56%). CONCLUSIONS: Changes in athletes' training practices were sport-specific, with few or no sex differences. Team-based sports were generally more susceptible to changes than individual sports. Policy makers should provide athletes with specific training arrangements and educational resources to facilitate remote and/or home-based training during lockdown-type events.
dc.format	Electronic-Print
dc.language	eng
dc.publisher	Human Kinetics
dc.relation.ispartof	Int J Sports Physiol Perform
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1123/ijspp.2021-0543
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights	Accepted author manuscript version reprinted, by permission, from International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance, 2022, 17 (8): 1242-1256, https://doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2021-0543. © Human Kinetics, Inc.
dc.subject	1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences, 1116 Medical Physiology, 1701 Psychology
dc.subject.classification	Sport Sciences
dc.subject.mesh	Athletes
dc.subject.mesh	COVID-19
dc.subject.mesh	Communicable Disease Control
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Male
dc.subject.mesh	Sports
dc.subject.mesh	Surveys and Questionnaires
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Communicable Disease Control
dc.subject.mesh	Sports
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Male
dc.subject.mesh	Athletes
dc.subject.mesh	Surveys and Questionnaires
dc.subject.mesh	COVID-19
dc.subject.mesh	Athletes
dc.subject.mesh	COVID-19
dc.subject.mesh	Communicable Disease Control
dc.subject.mesh	Female
dc.subject.mesh	Humans
dc.subject.mesh	Male
dc.subject.mesh	Sports
dc.subject.mesh	Surveys and Questionnaires
dc.title	COVID-19 Lockdown: A Global Study Investigating the Effect of Athletes' Sport Classification and Sex on Training Practices.
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	17
utslib.location.activity	United States
utslib.for	1106 Human Movement and Sports Sciences
utslib.for	1116 Medical Physiology
utslib.for	1701 Psychology
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Health
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.date.updated	2023-06-30T02:02:36Z
pubs.issue	8
pubs.publication-status	Published online
pubs.volume	17
utslib.citation.issue	8

Abstract:

PURPOSE: To investigate differences in athletes' knowledge, beliefs, and training practices during COVID-19 lockdowns with reference to sport classification and sex. This work extends an initial descriptive evaluation focusing on athlete classification. METHODS: Athletes (12,526; 66% male; 142 countries) completed an online survey (May-July 2020) assessing knowledge, beliefs, and practices toward training. Sports were classified as team sports (45%), endurance (20%), power/technical (10%), combat (9%), aquatic (6%), recreational (4%), racquet (3%), precision (2%), parasports (1%), and others (1%). Further analysis by sex was performed. RESULTS: During lockdown, athletes practiced body-weight-based exercises routinely (67% females and 64% males), ranging from 50% (precision) to 78% (parasports). More sport-specific technical skills were performed in combat, parasports, and precision (∼50%) than other sports (∼35%). Most athletes (range: 50% [parasports] to 75% [endurance]) performed cardiorespiratory training (trivial sex differences). Compared to prelockdown, perceived training intensity was reduced by 29% to 41%, depending on sport (largest decline: ∼38% in team sports, unaffected by sex). Some athletes (range: 7%-49%) maintained their training intensity for strength, endurance, speed, plyometric, change-of-direction, and technical training. Athletes who previously trained ≥5 sessions per week reduced their volume (range: 18%-28%) during lockdown. The proportion of athletes (81%) training ≥60 min/session reduced by 31% to 43% during lockdown. Males and females had comparable moderate levels of training knowledge (56% vs 58%) and beliefs/attitudes (54% vs 56%). CONCLUSIONS: Changes in athletes' training practices were sport-specific, with few or no sex differences. Team-based sports were generally more susceptible to changes than individual sports. Policy makers should provide athletes with specific training arrangements and educational resources to facilitate remote and/or home-based training during lockdown-type events.

Please use this identifier to cite or link to this item:

http://hdl.handle.net/10453/171023