Stagnant surface water bodies (SSWBs) as an alternative water resource for the Chittagong metropolitan area of Bangladesh: Physicochemical characterization in terms of water quality indices

Rahman, IMM; Islam, MM; Hossain, MM; Hossain, MS; Begum, ZA; Chowdhury, DA; Chakraborty, MK; Rahman, MA; Nazimuddin, M; Hasegawa, H

Stagnant surface water bodies (SSWBs) as an alternative water resource for the Chittagong metropolitan area of Bangladesh: Physicochemical characterization in terms of water quality indices

Rahman, IMM Islam, MM Hossain, MM Hossain, MS Begum, ZA Chowdhury, DA Chakraborty, MK Rahman, MA

Nazimuddin, M Hasegawa, H

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Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2011, 173 (1-4), pp. 669 - 684
Issue Date:: 2011-02-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Rahman, IMM	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Islam, MM	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Hossain, MM	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Hossain, MS	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Begum, ZA	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Chowdhury, DA	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Chakraborty, MK	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Rahman, MA https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8065-0286	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Nazimuddin, M	en_US
dc.contributor.author	Hasegawa, H	en_US
dc.date.available	2010-02-25	en_US
dc.date.issued	2011-02-01	en_US
dc.identifier.citation	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2011, 173 (1-4), pp. 669 - 684	en_US
dc.identifier.issn	0167-6369	en_US
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/18089
dc.description.abstract	The concern over ensuing freshwater scarcity has forced the developing countries to delve for alternative water resources. In this study, we examined the potential of stagnant surface water bodies (SSWBs) as alternative freshwater resources in the densely populated Chittagong metropolitan area (CMPA) of Bangladesh-where there is an acute shortage of urban freshwater supply. Water samples were collected at 1-month intervals for a period of 1 year from 12 stations distributed over the whole metropolis. Samples were analyzed for pH, water temperature (WTemp), turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids, total solids, total hardness, dissolved oxygen (DO), chloride, orthophosphates, ammonia, total coliforms (TC), and trace metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, As, and Fe) concentrations. Based on these parameters, different types of water quality indices (WQIs) were deduced. WQIs showed most of CMPA-SSWBs as good or medium quality water bodies, while none were categorized as bad. Moreover, it was observed that the minimal water quality index (WQI m), computed using five parameters: WTemp, pH, DO, EC, and turbidity, gave a reliable estimate of water quality. The WQIm gave similar results in 72% of the cases compared with other WQIs that were based on larger set of parameters. Based on our finding, we suggest the wider use WQI m in developing countries for assessing health of SSWBs, as it will minimize the analytical cost to overcome the budget constraints involved in this kind of evaluations. It was observed that except turbidity and TC content, all other quality parameters fluctuated within the limit of the World Health Organization suggested standards for drinking water. From our findings, we concluded that if the turbidity and TC content of water from SSWBs in CMPA are taken care of, they will become good candidates as alternative water resources all round the year. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.	en_US
dc.relation.ispartof	Environmental Monitoring and Assessment	en_US
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1007/s10661-010-1414-7	en_US
dc.subject.classification	Environmental Sciences	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Cities	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Environmental Monitoring	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Water Supply	en_US
dc.subject.mesh	Bangladesh	en_US
dc.title	Stagnant surface water bodies (SSWBs) as an alternative water resource for the Chittagong metropolitan area of Bangladesh: Physicochemical characterization in terms of water quality indices	en_US
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	1-4	en_US
utslib.citation.volume	173	en_US
utslib.for	0907 Environmental Engineering	en_US
dc.location.activity	Melbourne, AUSTRALIA
pubs.embargo.period	Not known	en_US
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science
pubs.organisational-group	/University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Science/School of Life Sciences
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access
pubs.issue	1-4	en_US
pubs.publication-status	Published	en_US
pubs.volume	173	en_US

Abstract:

The concern over ensuing freshwater scarcity has forced the developing countries to delve for alternative water resources. In this study, we examined the potential of stagnant surface water bodies (SSWBs) as alternative freshwater resources in the densely populated Chittagong metropolitan area (CMPA) of Bangladesh-where there is an acute shortage of urban freshwater supply. Water samples were collected at 1-month intervals for a period of 1 year from 12 stations distributed over the whole metropolis. Samples were analyzed for pH, water temperature (WTemp), turbidity, electrical conductivity (EC), total dissolved solids, total solids, total hardness, dissolved oxygen (DO), chloride, orthophosphates, ammonia, total coliforms (TC), and trace metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, As, and Fe) concentrations. Based on these parameters, different types of water quality indices (WQIs) were deduced. WQIs showed most of CMPA-SSWBs as good or medium quality water bodies, while none were categorized as bad. Moreover, it was observed that the minimal water quality index (WQI m), computed using five parameters: WTemp, pH, DO, EC, and turbidity, gave a reliable estimate of water quality. The WQIm gave similar results in 72% of the cases compared with other WQIs that were based on larger set of parameters. Based on our finding, we suggest the wider use WQI m in developing countries for assessing health of SSWBs, as it will minimize the analytical cost to overcome the budget constraints involved in this kind of evaluations. It was observed that except turbidity and TC content, all other quality parameters fluctuated within the limit of the World Health Organization suggested standards for drinking water. From our findings, we concluded that if the turbidity and TC content of water from SSWBs in CMPA are taken care of, they will become good candidates as alternative water resources all round the year. © 2010 Springer Science+Business Media B.V.

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