The Modified Critical-State Framework of a Waste Mixture Concerning the Addition of Rubber

Qi, Y; Indraratna, B

The Modified Critical-State Framework of a Waste Mixture Concerning the Addition of Rubber

Qi, Y

Indraratna, B

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Publisher:: Springer Nature
Publication Type:: Chapter
Citation:: Proceedings of The 17th International Conference of the International Association for Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics, 2026, pp. 143-148
Issue Date:: 2026

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Qi, Y https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3486-2130
dc.contributor.author	Indraratna, B https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9057-1514
dc.date.accessioned	2026-05-20T01:36:20Z
dc.date.available	2026-05-20T01:36:20Z
dc.date.issued	2026
dc.identifier.citation	Proceedings of The 17th International Conference of the International Association for Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics, 2026, pp. 143-148
dc.identifier.isbn	9789819559688
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/195072
dc.description.abstract	The practical application of recycled and marginal materials such as scrap tyres and mining by-products in railways is becoming more prevalent. This paper investigates the fundamental stress-strain behaviour of a granular waste matrix (steel furnace slags blended with coal wash and recycled rubber granules) to serve as the railway subballast. The findings indicate that the incorporation of rubber has a substantial impact on the geotechnical properties of the waste mixtures, especially the dilatancy response and the ability to attain the critical state. For the mixtures with a higher amount of rubber (20–40%) that could not achieve the critical state, extrapolation was adopted to obtain the critical state parameters. A critical state surface was developed by capturing the effect of rubber inclusions. Moreover, a semi-empirical model was established to predict the dilatancy response of the waste composites by modifying the critical state parameters and incorporating the energy input.
dc.language	en
dc.publisher	Springer Nature
dc.relation.ispartof	Proceedings of The 17th International Conference of the International Association for Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechanics
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1007/978-981-95-5969-5_18
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.rights	This version of the article has been accepted for publication, after peer review (when applicable) and is subject to Springer Nature’s AM terms of use, but is not the Version of Record and does not reflect post-acceptance improvements, or any corrections. The Version of Record is available online at: https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-95-5969-5_18
dc.title	The Modified Critical-State Framework of a Waste Mixture Concerning the Addition of Rubber
dc.type	Chapter
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Civil and Environmental Engineering
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/UTS Groups
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/UTS Groups/Transport Research Centre (TRC)
utslib.copyright.status	open_access	*
dc.date.updated	2026-05-20T01:36:18Z
pubs.publication-status	Published

Abstract:

The practical application of recycled and marginal materials such as scrap tyres and mining by-products in railways is becoming more prevalent. This paper investigates the fundamental stress-strain behaviour of a granular waste matrix (steel furnace slags blended with coal wash and recycled rubber granules) to serve as the railway subballast. The findings indicate that the incorporation of rubber has a substantial impact on the geotechnical properties of the waste mixtures, especially the dilatancy response and the ability to attain the critical state. For the mixtures with a higher amount of rubber (20–40%) that could not achieve the critical state, extrapolation was adopted to obtain the critical state parameters. A critical state surface was developed by capturing the effect of rubber inclusions. Moreover, a semi-empirical model was established to predict the dilatancy response of the waste composites by modifying the critical state parameters and incorporating the energy input.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/195072