Phased-MIMO Radar Beamforming for Integrated Multi-User Communication and Multi-Target Sensing Over High-Frequency Bands

Zhu, W; Tuan, HD; Savkin, AV; Poor, VV; Caire, G

Phased-MIMO Radar Beamforming for Integrated Multi-User Communication and Multi-Target Sensing Over High-Frequency Bands

Zhu, W Tuan, HD Savkin, AV Poor, VV Caire, G

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Publisher:: IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
Publication Type:: Journal Article
Citation:: IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2026, 25, pp. 11706-11722
Issue Date:: 2026-01-01

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Field	Value	Language
dc.contributor.author	Zhu, W
dc.contributor.author	Tuan, HD
dc.contributor.author	Savkin, AV
dc.contributor.author	Poor, VV
dc.contributor.author	Caire, G
dc.date.accessioned	2026-10-08T23:57:17Z
dc.date.available	2026-10-08T23:57:17Z
dc.date.issued	2026-01-01
dc.identifier.citation	IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 2026, 25, pp. 11706-11722
dc.identifier.issn	1536-1276
dc.identifier.issn	1558-2248
dc.identifier.uri	http://hdl.handle.net/10453/196379
dc.description.abstract	This paper investigates an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) network operating over millimeter-wave and sub-Terahertz bands, where a base station serves downlink communication users (CUs), while simultaneously sensing targets. First, we propose a novel hybrid beamforming structure that reduces power consumption in high-frequency bands by using a low number of phase shifters for analog beamforming and enhances spatial diversity in baseband beamforming through improper Gaussian signaling (IGS), addressing the limitations of having only a few radio frequency chains by boosting the number of supported data streams. Together, these techniques establish a new phased-MIMO radar structure and an energy-efficient signaling strategy designed for joint sensing and communication. Second, we formulate a new beampattern-optimization objective that enables computationally efficient algorithms, which iteratively update the hybrid beamformers through closed-form expressions. This design ensures tight mainlobe concentration for sensing while simultaneously serving multiple CUs. A new soft-min function, paired with a closed-form algorithm, secures both strong worst-rate and sum-rate performance. By unifying sensing and communication objectives, the proposed framework offers a well-balanced trade-off between high CU rates and high-quality sensing beampatterns, while maintaining computational complexity scalable. Simulation results validate the practicality of the proposed approach.
dc.language	English
dc.publisher	IEEE-INST ELECTRICAL ELECTRONICS ENGINEERS INC
dc.relation	http://purl.org/au-research/grants/arc/DP190102501
dc.relation.ispartof	IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications
dc.relation.isbasedon	10.1109/TWC.2026.3661039
dc.rights	info:eu-repo/semantics/closedAccess
dc.subject	0805 Distributed Computing, 0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering, 1005 Communications Technologies
dc.subject.classification	Networking & Telecommunications
dc.subject.classification	4006 Communications engineering
dc.subject.classification	4008 Electrical engineering
dc.subject.classification	4606 Distributed computing and systems software
dc.title	Phased-MIMO Radar Beamforming for Integrated Multi-User Communication and Multi-Target Sensing Over High-Frequency Bands
dc.type	Journal Article
utslib.citation.volume	25
utslib.for	0805 Distributed Computing
utslib.for	0906 Electrical and Electronic Engineering
utslib.for	1005 Communications Technologies
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology
pubs.organisational-group	University of Technology Sydney/Faculty of Engineering and Information Technology/School of Electrical, Mechanical and Biomedical Engineering
utslib.copyright.status	closed_access	*
dc.date.updated	2026-10-08T23:57:15Z
pubs.publication-status	Published
pubs.volume	25

Abstract:

This paper investigates an integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) network operating over millimeter-wave and sub-Terahertz bands, where a base station serves downlink communication users (CUs), while simultaneously sensing targets. First, we propose a novel hybrid beamforming structure that reduces power consumption in high-frequency bands by using a low number of phase shifters for analog beamforming and enhances spatial diversity in baseband beamforming through improper Gaussian signaling (IGS), addressing the limitations of having only a few radio frequency chains by boosting the number of supported data streams. Together, these techniques establish a new phased-MIMO radar structure and an energy-efficient signaling strategy designed for joint sensing and communication. Second, we formulate a new beampattern-optimization objective that enables computationally efficient algorithms, which iteratively update the hybrid beamformers through closed-form expressions. This design ensures tight mainlobe concentration for sensing while simultaneously serving multiple CUs. A new soft-min function, paired with a closed-form algorithm, secures both strong worst-rate and sum-rate performance. By unifying sensing and communication objectives, the proposed framework offers a well-balanced trade-off between high CU rates and high-quality sensing beampatterns, while maintaining computational complexity scalable. Simulation results validate the practicality of the proposed approach.

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http://hdl.handle.net/10453/196379